Commit c71fe81f authored by Kenneth Reitz's avatar Kenneth Reitz

new virtualenv

parent 91586d66
Author
------
Ian Bicking
Maintainers
-----------
Brian Rosner
Carl Meyer
Jannis Leidel
Contributors
------------
Alex Grönholm
Anatoly Techtonik
Antonio Cuni
Armin Ronacher
Bradley Ayers
Branden Rolston
Cap Petschulat
CBWhiz
Chris McDonough
Christian Stefanescu
Christopher Nilsson
Cliff Xuan
Curt Micol
David Schoonover
Doug Hellmann
Doug Napoleone
Douglas Creager
Ethan Jucovy
Gunnlaugur Thor Briem
Greg Haskins
Jason R. Coombs
Jeff Hammel
Jonathan Griffin
Jorge Vargas
Josh Bronson
Konstantin Zemlyak
Kumar McMillan
Lars Francke
Marc Abramowitz
Mike Hommey
Miki Tebeka
Philip Jenvey
Raul Leal
Ronny Pfannschmidt
Stefano Rivera
Tarek Ziadé
Vinay Sajip
Copyright (c) 2007 Ian Bicking and Contributors
Copyright (c) 2009 Ian Bicking, The Open Planning Project
Copyright (c) 2011-2012 The virtualenv developers
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
recursive-include bin *
recursive-include docs *
recursive-include scripts *
recursive-include virtualenv_support *.egg *.tar.gz
recursive-include virtualenv_embedded *
recursive-exclude docs/_templates *
recursive-exclude docs/_build *
include virtualenv_support/__init__.py
include *.py
include AUTHORS.txt
include LICENSE.txt
Metadata-Version: 1.1
Name: virtualenv
Version: 1.8.2
Summary: Virtual Python Environment builder
Home-page: http://www.virtualenv.org
Author: Jannis Leidel, Carl Meyer and Brian Rosner
Author-email: python-virtualenv@groups.google.com
License: MIT
Description:
Installation
------------
You can install virtualenv with ``pip install virtualenv``, or the `latest
development version <https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/tarball/develop>`_
with ``pip install https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/tarball/develop``.
You can also use ``easy_install``, or if you have no Python package manager
available at all, you can just grab the single file `virtualenv.py`_ and run
it with ``python virtualenv.py``.
.. _virtualenv.py: https://raw.github.com/pypa/virtualenv/master/virtualenv.py
What It Does
------------
``virtualenv`` is a tool to create isolated Python environments.
The basic problem being addressed is one of dependencies and versions,
and indirectly permissions. Imagine you have an application that
needs version 1 of LibFoo, but another application requires version
2. How can you use both these applications? If you install
everything into ``/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages`` (or whatever your
platform's standard location is), it's easy to end up in a situation
where you unintentionally upgrade an application that shouldn't be
upgraded.
Or more generally, what if you want to install an application *and
leave it be*? If an application works, any change in its libraries or
the versions of those libraries can break the application.
Also, what if you can't install packages into the global
``site-packages`` directory? For instance, on a shared host.
In all these cases, ``virtualenv`` can help you. It creates an
environment that has its own installation directories, that doesn't
share libraries with other virtualenv environments (and optionally
doesn't access the globally installed libraries either).
Usage
-----
The basic usage is::
$ python virtualenv.py ENV
If you install it you can also just do ``virtualenv ENV``.
This creates ``ENV/lib/pythonX.X/site-packages``, where any libraries you
install will go. It also creates ``ENV/bin/python``, which is a Python
interpreter that uses this environment. Anytime you use that interpreter
(including when a script has ``#!/path/to/ENV/bin/python`` in it) the libraries
in that environment will be used.
It also installs either `Setuptools
<http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/setuptools>`_ or `distribute
<http://pypi.python.org/pypi/distribute>`_ into the environment. To use
Distribute instead of setuptools, just call virtualenv like this::
$ python virtualenv.py --distribute ENV
You can also set the environment variable VIRTUALENV_DISTRIBUTE.
A new virtualenv also includes the `pip <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip>`_
installer, so you can use ``ENV/bin/pip`` to install additional packages into
the environment.
activate script
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In a newly created virtualenv there will be a ``bin/activate`` shell
script. For Windows systems, activation scripts are provided for CMD.exe
and Powershell.
On Posix systems you can do::
$ source bin/activate
This will change your ``$PATH`` so its first entry is the virtualenv's
``bin/`` directory. (You have to use ``source`` because it changes your
shell environment in-place.) This is all it does; it's purely a
convenience. If you directly run a script or the python interpreter
from the virtualenv's ``bin/`` directory (e.g. ``path/to/env/bin/pip``
or ``/path/to/env/bin/python script.py``) there's no need for
activation.
After activating an environment you can use the function ``deactivate`` to
undo the changes to your ``$PATH``.
The ``activate`` script will also modify your shell prompt to indicate
which environment is currently active. You can disable this behavior,
which can be useful if you have your own custom prompt that already
displays the active environment name. To do so, set the
``VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT`` environment variable to any non-empty
value before running the ``activate`` script.
On Windows you just do::
> \path\to\env\Scripts\activate
And type `deactivate` to undo the changes.
Based on your active shell (CMD.exe or Powershell.exe), Windows will use
either activate.bat or activate.ps1 (as appropriate) to activate the
virtual environment. If using Powershell, see the notes about code signing
below.
.. note::
If using Powershell, the ``activate`` script is subject to the
`execution policies`_ on the system. By default on Windows 7, the system's
excution policy is set to ``Restricted``, meaning no scripts like the
``activate`` script are allowed to be executed. But that can't stop us
from changing that slightly to allow it to be executed.
In order to use the script, you have to relax your system's execution
policy to ``AllSigned``, meaning all scripts on the system must be
digitally signed to be executed. Since the virtualenv activation
script is signed by one of the authors (Jannis Leidel) this level of
the execution policy suffices. As an administrator run::
PS C:\> Set-ExecutionPolicy AllSigned
Then you'll be asked to trust the signer, when executing the script.
You will be prompted with the following::
PS C:\> virtualenv .\foo
New python executable in C:\foo\Scripts\python.exe
Installing setuptools................done.
Installing pip...................done.
PS C:\> .\foo\scripts\activate
Do you want to run software from this untrusted publisher?
File C:\foo\scripts\activate.ps1 is published by E=jannis@leidel.info,
CN=Jannis Leidel, L=Berlin, S=Berlin, C=DE, Description=581796-Gh7xfJxkxQSIO4E0
and is not trusted on your system. Only run scripts from trusted publishers.
[V] Never run [D] Do not run [R] Run once [A] Always run [?] Help
(default is "D"):A
(foo) PS C:\>
If you select ``[A] Always Run``, the certificate will be added to the
Trusted Publishers of your user account, and will be trusted in this
user's context henceforth. If you select ``[R] Run Once``, the script will
be run, but you will be prometed on a subsequent invocation. Advanced users
can add the signer's certificate to the Trusted Publishers of the Computer
account to apply to all users (though this technique is out of scope of this
document).
Alternatively, you may relax the system execution policy to allow running
of local scripts without verifying the code signature using the following::
PS C:\> Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
Since the ``activate.ps1`` script is generated locally for each virtualenv,
it is not considered a remote script and can then be executed.
.. _`execution policies`: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd347641.aspx
The ``--system-site-packages`` Option
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If you build with ``virtualenv --system-site-packages ENV``, your virtual
environment will inherit packages from ``/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages``
(or wherever your global site-packages directory is).
This can be used if you have control over the global site-packages directory,
and you want to depend on the packages there. If you want isolation from the
global system, do not use this flag.
Environment variables and configuration files
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
virtualenv can not only be configured by passing command line options such as
``--distribute`` but also by two other means:
- Environment variables
Each command line option is automatically used to look for environment
variables with the name format ``VIRTUALENV_<UPPER_NAME>``. That means
the name of the command line options are capitalized and have dashes
(``'-'``) replaced with underscores (``'_'``).
For example, to automatically install Distribute instead of setuptools
you can also set an environment variable::
$ export VIRTUALENV_DISTRIBUTE=true
$ python virtualenv.py ENV
It's the same as passing the option to virtualenv directly::
$ python virtualenv.py --distribute ENV
This also works for appending command line options, like ``--find-links``.
Just leave an empty space between the passsed values, e.g.::
$ export VIRTUALENV_EXTRA_SEARCH_DIR="/path/to/dists /path/to/other/dists"
$ virtualenv ENV
is the same as calling::
$ python virtualenv.py --extra-search-dir=/path/to/dists --extra-search-dir=/path/to/other/dists ENV
- Config files
virtualenv also looks for a standard ini config file. On Unix and Mac OS X
that's ``$HOME/.virtualenv/virtualenv.ini`` and on Windows, it's
``%APPDATA%\virtualenv\virtualenv.ini``.
The names of the settings are derived from the long command line option,
e.g. the option ``--distribute`` would look like this::
[virtualenv]
distribute = true
Appending options like ``--extra-search-dir`` can be written on multiple
lines::
[virtualenv]
extra-search-dir =
/path/to/dists
/path/to/other/dists
Please have a look at the output of ``virtualenv --help`` for a full list
of supported options.
Windows Notes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Some paths within the virtualenv are slightly different on Windows: scripts and
executables on Windows go in ``ENV\Scripts\`` instead of ``ENV/bin/`` and
libraries go in ``ENV\Lib\`` rather than ``ENV/lib/``.
To create a virtualenv under a path with spaces in it on Windows, you'll need
the `win32api <http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/>`_ library installed.
PyPy Support
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Beginning with virtualenv version 1.5 `PyPy <http://pypy.org>`_ is
supported. To use PyPy 1.4 or 1.4.1, you need a version of virtualenv >= 1.5.
To use PyPy 1.5, you need a version of virtualenv >= 1.6.1.
Creating Your Own Bootstrap Scripts
-----------------------------------
While this creates an environment, it doesn't put anything into the
environment. Developers may find it useful to distribute a script
that sets up a particular environment, for example a script that
installs a particular web application.
To create a script like this, call
``virtualenv.create_bootstrap_script(extra_text)``, and write the
result to your new bootstrapping script. Here's the documentation
from the docstring:
Creates a bootstrap script, which is like this script but with
extend_parser, adjust_options, and after_install hooks.
This returns a string that (written to disk of course) can be used
as a bootstrap script with your own customizations. The script
will be the standard virtualenv.py script, with your extra text
added (your extra text should be Python code).
If you include these functions, they will be called:
``extend_parser(optparse_parser)``:
You can add or remove options from the parser here.
``adjust_options(options, args)``:
You can change options here, or change the args (if you accept
different kinds of arguments, be sure you modify ``args`` so it is
only ``[DEST_DIR]``).
``after_install(options, home_dir)``:
After everything is installed, this function is called. This
is probably the function you are most likely to use. An
example would be::
def after_install(options, home_dir):
if sys.platform == 'win32':
bin = 'Scripts'
else:
bin = 'bin'
subprocess.call([join(home_dir, bin, 'easy_install'),
'MyPackage'])
subprocess.call([join(home_dir, bin, 'my-package-script'),
'setup', home_dir])
This example immediately installs a package, and runs a setup
script from that package.
Bootstrap Example
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Here's a more concrete example of how you could use this::
import virtualenv, textwrap
output = virtualenv.create_bootstrap_script(textwrap.dedent("""
import os, subprocess
def after_install(options, home_dir):
etc = join(home_dir, 'etc')
if not os.path.exists(etc):
os.makedirs(etc)
subprocess.call([join(home_dir, 'bin', 'easy_install'),
'BlogApplication'])
subprocess.call([join(home_dir, 'bin', 'paster'),
'make-config', 'BlogApplication',
join(etc, 'blog.ini')])
subprocess.call([join(home_dir, 'bin', 'paster'),
'setup-app', join(etc, 'blog.ini')])
"""))
f = open('blog-bootstrap.py', 'w').write(output)
Another example is available `here
<https://github.com/socialplanning/fassembler/blob/master/fassembler/create-venv-script.py>`_.
Using Virtualenv without ``bin/python``
---------------------------------------
Sometimes you can't or don't want to use the Python interpreter
created by the virtualenv. For instance, in a `mod_python
<http://www.modpython.org/>`_ or `mod_wsgi <http://www.modwsgi.org/>`_
environment, there is only one interpreter.
Luckily, it's easy. You must use the custom Python interpreter to
*install* libraries. But to *use* libraries, you just have to be sure
the path is correct. A script is available to correct the path. You
can setup the environment like::
activate_this = '/path/to/env/bin/activate_this.py'
execfile(activate_this, dict(__file__=activate_this))
This will change ``sys.path`` and even change ``sys.prefix``, but also allow
you to use an existing interpreter. Items in your environment will show up
first on ``sys.path``, before global items. However, global items will
always be accessible (as if the ``--system-site-packages`` flag had been used
in creating the environment, whether it was or not). Also, this cannot undo
the activation of other environments, or modules that have been imported.
You shouldn't try to, for instance, activate an environment before a web
request; you should activate *one* environment as early as possible, and not
do it again in that process.
Making Environments Relocatable
-------------------------------
Note: this option is somewhat experimental, and there are probably
caveats that have not yet been identified. Also this does not
currently work on Windows.
Normally environments are tied to a specific path. That means that
you cannot move an environment around or copy it to another computer.
You can fix up an environment to make it relocatable with the
command::
$ virtualenv --relocatable ENV
This will make some of the files created by setuptools or distribute
use relative paths, and will change all the scripts to use ``activate_this.py``
instead of using the location of the Python interpreter to select the
environment.
**Note:** you must run this after you've installed *any* packages into
the environment. If you make an environment relocatable, then
install a new package, you must run ``virtualenv --relocatable``
again.
Also, this **does not make your packages cross-platform**. You can
move the directory around, but it can only be used on other similar
computers. Some known environmental differences that can cause
incompatibilities: a different version of Python, when one platform
uses UCS2 for its internal unicode representation and another uses
UCS4 (a compile-time option), obvious platform changes like Windows
vs. Linux, or Intel vs. ARM, and if you have libraries that bind to C
libraries on the system, if those C libraries are located somewhere
different (either different versions, or a different filesystem
layout).
If you use this flag to create an environment, currently, the
``--system-site-packages`` option will be implied.
The ``--extra-search-dir`` option
---------------------------------
When it creates a new environment, virtualenv installs either
setuptools or distribute, and pip. In normal operation, the latest
releases of these packages are fetched from the `Python Package Index
<http://pypi.python.org>`_ (PyPI). In some circumstances, this
behavior may not be wanted, for example if you are using virtualenv
during a deployment and do not want to depend on Internet access and
PyPI availability.
As an alternative, you can provide your own versions of setuptools,
distribute and/or pip on the filesystem, and tell virtualenv to use
those distributions instead of downloading them from the Internet. To
use this feature, pass one or more ``--extra-search-dir`` options to
virtualenv like this::
$ virtualenv --extra-search-dir=/path/to/distributions ENV
The ``/path/to/distributions`` path should point to a directory that
contains setuptools, distribute and/or pip distributions. Setuptools
distributions must be ``.egg`` files; distribute and pip distributions
should be `.tar.gz` source distributions.
Virtualenv will still download these packages if no satisfactory local
distributions are found.
If you are really concerned about virtualenv fetching these packages
from the Internet and want to ensure that it never will, you can also
provide an option ``--never-download`` like so::
$ virtualenv --extra-search-dir=/path/to/distributions --never-download ENV
If this option is provided, virtualenv will never try to download
setuptools/distribute or pip. Instead, it will exit with status code 1
if it fails to find local distributions for any of these required
packages. The local distribution lookup is done in this order and the
following locations:
#. The current directory.
#. The directory where virtualenv.py is located.
#. A ``virtualenv_support`` directory relative to the directory where
virtualenv.py is located.
#. If the file being executed is not named virtualenv.py (i.e. is a boot
script), a ``virtualenv_support`` directory relative to wherever
virtualenv.py is actually installed.
Compare & Contrast with Alternatives
------------------------------------
There are several alternatives that create isolated environments:
* ``workingenv`` (which I do not suggest you use anymore) is the
predecessor to this library. It used the main Python interpreter,
but relied on setting ``$PYTHONPATH`` to activate the environment.
This causes problems when running Python scripts that aren't part of
the environment (e.g., a globally installed ``hg`` or ``bzr``). It
also conflicted a lot with Setuptools.
* `virtual-python
<http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall#creating-a-virtual-python>`_
is also a predecessor to this library. It uses only symlinks, so it
couldn't work on Windows. It also symlinks over the *entire*
standard library and global ``site-packages``. As a result, it
won't see new additions to the global ``site-packages``.
This script only symlinks a small portion of the standard library
into the environment, and so on Windows it is feasible to simply
copy these files over. Also, it creates a new/empty
``site-packages`` and also adds the global ``site-packages`` to the
path, so updates are tracked separately. This script also installs
Setuptools automatically, saving a step and avoiding the need for
network access.
* `zc.buildout <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/zc.buildout>`_ doesn't
create an isolated Python environment in the same style, but
achieves similar results through a declarative config file that sets
up scripts with very particular packages. As a declarative system,
it is somewhat easier to repeat and manage, but more difficult to
experiment with. ``zc.buildout`` includes the ability to setup
non-Python systems (e.g., a database server or an Apache instance).
I *strongly* recommend anyone doing application development or
deployment use one of these tools.
Contributing
------------
Refer to the `contributing to pip`_ documentation - it applies equally to
virtualenv, except that virtualenv issues should filed on the `virtualenv
repo`_ at GitHub.
Virtualenv's release schedule is tied to pip's -- each time there's a new pip
release, there will be a new virtualenv release that bundles the new version of
pip.
.. _contributing to pip: http://www.pip-installer.org/en/latest/contributing.html
.. _virtualenv repo: https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/
Running the tests
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Virtualenv's test suite is small and not yet at all comprehensive, but we aim
to grow it.
The easy way to run tests (handles test dependencies automatically)::
$ python setup.py test
If you want to run only a selection of the tests, you'll need to run them
directly with nose instead. Create a virtualenv, and install required
packages::
$ pip install nose mock
Run nosetests::
$ nosetests
Or select just a single test file to run::
$ nosetests tests.test_virtualenv
Other Documentation and Links
-----------------------------
* James Gardner has written a tutorial on using `virtualenv with
Pylons
<http://wiki.pylonshq.com/display/pylonscookbook/Using+a+Virtualenv+Sandbox>`_.
* `Blog announcement
<http://blog.ianbicking.org/2007/10/10/workingenv-is-dead-long-live-virtualenv/>`_.
* Doug Hellmann wrote a description of his `command-line work flow
using virtualenv (virtualenvwrapper)
<http://www.doughellmann.com/articles/CompletelyDifferent-2008-05-virtualenvwrapper/index.html>`_
including some handy scripts to make working with multiple
environments easier. He also wrote `an example of using virtualenv
to try IPython
<http://www.doughellmann.com/articles/CompletelyDifferent-2008-02-ipython-and-virtualenv/index.html>`_.
* Chris Perkins created a `showmedo video including virtualenv
<http://showmedo.com/videos/video?name=2910000&fromSeriesID=291>`_.
* `Using virtualenv with mod_wsgi
<http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/VirtualEnvironments>`_.
* `virtualenv commands
<https://github.com/thisismedium/virtualenv-commands>`_ for some more
workflow-related tools around virtualenv.
Status and License
------------------
``virtualenv`` is a successor to `workingenv
<http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi/workingenv.py>`_, and an extension
of `virtual-python
<http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall#creating-a-virtual-python>`_.
It was written by Ian Bicking, sponsored by the `Open Planning
Project <http://openplans.org>`_ and is now maintained by a
`group of developers <https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/raw/master/AUTHORS.txt>`_.
It is licensed under an
`MIT-style permissive license <https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/raw/master/LICENSE.txt>`_.
Changes & News
--------------
.. warning::
Python bugfix releases 2.6.8, 2.7.3, 3.1.5 and 3.2.3 include a change that
will cause "import random" to fail with "cannot import name urandom" on any
virtualenv created on a Unix host with an earlier release of Python
2.6/2.7/3.1/3.2, if the underlying system Python is upgraded. This is due to
the fact that a virtualenv uses the system Python's standard library but
contains its own copy of the Python interpreter, so an upgrade to the system
Python results in a mismatch between the version of the Python interpreter
and the version of the standard library. It can be fixed by removing
``$ENV/bin/python`` and re-running virtualenv on the same target directory
with the upgraded Python.
1.8.2 (2012-09-06)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Updated the included pip version to 1.2.1 to fix regressions introduced
there in 1.2.
1.8.1 (2012-09-03)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Fixed distribute version used with `--never-download`. Thanks michr for
report and patch.
* Fix creating Python 3.3 based virtualenvs by unsetting the
``__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__`` environment variable in subprocesses.
1.8 (2012-09-01)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* **Dropped support for Python 2.4** The minimum supported Python version is
now Python 2.5.
* Fix `--relocatable` on systems that use lib64. Fixes #78. Thanks Branden
Rolston.
* Symlink some additional modules under Python 3. Fixes #194. Thanks Vinay
Sajip, Ian Clelland, and Stefan Holek for the report.
* Fix ``--relocatable`` when a script uses ``__future__`` imports. Thanks
Branden Rolston.
* Fix a bug in the config option parser that prevented setting negative
options with environemnt variables. Thanks Ralf Schmitt.
* Allow setting ``--no-site-packages`` from the config file.
* Use ``/usr/bin/multiarch-platform`` if available to figure out the include
directory. Thanks for the patch, Mika Laitio.
* Fix ``install_name_tool`` replacement to work on Python 3.X.
* Handle paths of users' site-packages on Mac OS X correctly when changing
the prefix.
* Updated the embedded version of distribute to 0.6.28 and pip to 1.2.
1.7.2 (2012-06-22)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Updated to distribute 0.6.27.
* Fix activate.fish on OS X. Fixes #8. Thanks David Schoonover.
* Create a virtualenv-x.x script with the Python version when installing, so
virtualenv for multiple Python versions can be installed to the same
script location. Thanks Miki Tebeka.
* Restored ability to create a virtualenv with a path longer than 78
characters, without breaking creation of virtualenvs with non-ASCII paths.
Thanks, Bradley Ayers.
* Added ability to create virtualenvs without having installed Apple's
developers tools (using an own implementation of ``install_name_tool``).
Thanks Mike Hommey.
* Fixed PyPy and Jython support on Windows. Thanks Konstantin Zemlyak.
* Added pydoc script to ease use. Thanks Marc Abramowitz. Fixes #149.
* Fixed creating a bootstrap script on Python 3. Thanks Raul Leal. Fixes #280.
* Fixed inconsistency when having set the ``PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE`` env var
with the --distribute option or the ``VIRTUALENV_USE_DISTRIBUTE`` env var.
``VIRTUALENV_USE_DISTRIBUTE`` is now considered again as a legacy alias.
1.7.1.2 (2012-02-17)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Fixed minor issue in `--relocatable`. Thanks, Cap Petschulat.
1.7.1.1 (2012-02-16)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Bumped the version string in ``virtualenv.py`` up, too.
* Fixed rST rendering bug of long description.
1.7.1 (2012-02-16)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Update embedded pip to version 1.1.
* Fix `--relocatable` under Python 3. Thanks Doug Hellmann.
* Added environ PATH modification to activate_this.py. Thanks Doug
Napoleone. Fixes #14.
* Support creating virtualenvs directly from a Python build directory on
Windows. Thanks CBWhiz. Fixes #139.
* Use non-recursive symlinks to fix things up for posix_local install
scheme. Thanks michr.
* Made activate script available for use with msys and cygwin on Windows.
Thanks Greg Haskins, Cliff Xuan, Jonathan Griffin and Doug Napoleone.
Fixes #176.
* Fixed creation of virtualenvs on Windows when Python is not installed for
all users. Thanks Anatoly Techtonik for report and patch and Doug
Napoleone for testing and confirmation. Fixes #87.
* Fixed creation of virtualenvs using -p in installs where some modules
that ought to be in the standard library (e.g. `readline`) are actually
installed in `site-packages` next to `virtualenv.py`. Thanks Greg Haskins
for report and fix. Fixes #167.
* Added activation script for Powershell (signed by Jannis Leidel). Many
thanks to Jason R. Coombs.
1.7 (2011-11-30)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Gave user-provided ``--extra-search-dir`` priority over default dirs for
finding setuptools/distribute (it already had priority for finding pip).
Thanks Ethan Jucovy.
* Updated embedded Distribute release to 0.6.24. Thanks Alex Gronholm.
* Made ``--no-site-packages`` behavior the default behavior. The
``--no-site-packages`` flag is still permitted, but displays a warning when
used. Thanks Chris McDonough.
* New flag: ``--system-site-packages``; this flag should be passed to get the
previous default global-site-package-including behavior back.
* Added ability to set command options as environment variables and options
in a ``virtualenv.ini`` file.
* Fixed various encoding related issues with paths. Thanks Gunnlaugur Thor Briem.
* Made ``virtualenv.py`` script executable.
1.6.4 (2011-07-21)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Restored ability to run on Python 2.4, too.
1.6.3 (2011-07-16)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Restored ability to run on Python < 2.7.
1.6.2 (2011-07-16)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Updated embedded distribute release to 0.6.19.
* Updated embedded pip release to 1.0.2.
* Fixed #141 - Be smarter about finding pkg_resources when using the
non-default Python intepreter (by using the ``-p`` option).
* Fixed #112 - Fixed path in docs.
* Fixed #109 - Corrected doctests of a Logger method.
* Fixed #118 - Fixed creating virtualenvs on platforms that use the
"posix_local" install scheme, such as Ubuntu with Python 2.7.
* Add missing library to Python 3 virtualenvs (``_dummy_thread``).
1.6.1 (2011-04-30)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Start to use git-flow.
* Added support for PyPy 1.5
* Fixed #121 -- added sanity-checking of the -p argument. Thanks Paul Nasrat.
* Added progress meter for pip installation as well as setuptools. Thanks Ethan
Jucovy.
* Added --never-download and --search-dir options. Thanks Ethan Jucovy.
1.6
~~~
* Added Python 3 support! Huge thanks to Vinay Sajip and Vitaly Babiy.
* Fixed creation of virtualenvs on Mac OS X when standard library modules
(readline) are installed outside the standard library.
* Updated bundled pip to 1.0.
1.5.2
~~~~~
* Moved main repository to Github: https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv
* Transferred primary maintenance from Ian to Jannis Leidel, Carl Meyer and Brian Rosner
* Fixed a few more pypy related bugs.
* Updated bundled pip to 0.8.2.
* Handed project over to new team of maintainers.
* Moved virtualenv to Github at https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv
1.5.1
~~~~~
* Added ``_weakrefset`` requirement for Python 2.7.1.
* Fixed Windows regression in 1.5
1.5
~~~
* Include pip 0.8.1.
* Add support for PyPy.
* Uses a proper temporary dir when installing environment requirements.
* Add ``--prompt`` option to be able to override the default prompt prefix.
* Fix an issue with ``--relocatable`` on Windows.
* Fix issue with installing the wrong version of distribute.
* Add fish and csh activate scripts.
1.4.9
~~~~~
* Include pip 0.7.2
1.4.8
~~~~~
* Fix for Mac OS X Framework builds that use
``--universal-archs=intel``
* Fix ``activate_this.py`` on Windows.
* Allow ``$PYTHONHOME`` to be set, so long as you use ``source
bin/activate`` it will get unset; if you leave it set and do not
activate the environment it will still break the environment.
* Include pip 0.7.1
1.4.7
~~~~~
* Include pip 0.7
1.4.6
~~~~~
* Allow ``activate.sh`` to skip updating the prompt (by setting
``$VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT``).
1.4.5
~~~~~
* Include pip 0.6.3
* Fix ``activate.bat`` and ``deactivate.bat`` under Windows when
``PATH`` contained a parenthesis
1.4.4
~~~~~
* Include pip 0.6.2 and Distribute 0.6.10
* Create the ``virtualenv`` script even when Setuptools isn't
installed
* Fix problem with ``virtualenv --relocate`` when ``bin/`` has
subdirectories (e.g., ``bin/.svn/``); from Alan Franzoni.
* If you set ``$VIRTUALENV_DISTRIBUTE`` then virtualenv will use
Distribute by default (so you don't have to remember to use
``--distribute``).
1.4.3
~~~~~
* Include pip 0.6.1
1.4.2
~~~~~
* Fix pip installation on Windows
* Fix use of stand-alone ``virtualenv.py`` (and boot scripts)
* Exclude ~/.local (user site-packages) from environments when using
``--no-site-packages``
1.4.1
~~~~~
* Include pip 0.6
1.4
~~~
* Updated setuptools to 0.6c11
* Added the --distribute option
* Fixed packaging problem of support-files
1.3.4
~~~~~
* Virtualenv now copies the actual embedded Python binary on
Mac OS X to fix a hang on Snow Leopard (10.6).
* Fail more gracefully on Windows when ``win32api`` is not installed.
* Fix site-packages taking precedent over Jython's ``__classpath__``
and also specially handle the new ``__pyclasspath__`` entry in
``sys.path``.
* Now copies Jython's ``registry`` file to the virtualenv if it exists.
* Better find libraries when compiling extensions on Windows.
* Create ``Scripts\pythonw.exe`` on Windows.
* Added support for the Debian/Ubuntu
``/usr/lib/pythonX.Y/dist-packages`` directory.
* Set ``distutils.sysconfig.get_config_vars()['LIBDIR']`` (based on
``sys.real_prefix``) which is reported to help building on Windows.
* Make ``deactivate`` work on ksh
* Fixes for ``--python``: make it work with ``--relocatable`` and the
symlink created to the exact Python version.
1.3.3
~~~~~
* Use Windows newlines in ``activate.bat``, which has been reported to help
when using non-ASCII directory names.
* Fixed compatibility with Jython 2.5b1.
* Added a function ``virtualenv.install_python`` for more fine-grained
access to what ``virtualenv.create_environment`` does.
* Fix `a problem <https://bugs.launchpad.net/virtualenv/+bug/241581>`_
with Windows and paths that contain spaces.
* If ``/path/to/env/.pydistutils.cfg`` exists (or
``/path/to/env/pydistutils.cfg`` on Windows systems) then ignore
``~/.pydistutils.cfg`` and use that other file instead.
* Fix ` a problem
<https://bugs.launchpad.net/virtualenv/+bug/340050>`_ picking up
some ``.so`` libraries in ``/usr/local``.
1.3.2
~~~~~
* Remove the ``[install] prefix = ...`` setting from the virtualenv
``distutils.cfg`` -- this has been causing problems for a lot of
people, in rather obscure ways.
* If you use a boot script it will attempt to import ``virtualenv``
and find a pre-downloaded Setuptools egg using that.
* Added platform-specific paths, like ``/usr/lib/pythonX.Y/plat-linux2``
1.3.1
~~~~~
* Real Python 2.6 compatibility. Backported the Python 2.6 updates to
``site.py``, including `user directories
<http://docs.python.org/dev/whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-370-per-user-site-packages-directory>`_
(this means older versions of Python will support user directories,
whether intended or not).
* Always set ``[install] prefix`` in ``distutils.cfg`` -- previously
on some platforms where a system-wide ``distutils.cfg`` was present
with a ``prefix`` setting, packages would be installed globally
(usually in ``/usr/local/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages``).
* Sometimes Cygwin seems to leave ``.exe`` off ``sys.executable``; a
workaround is added.
* Fix ``--python`` option.
* Fixed handling of Jython environments that use a
jython-complete.jar.
1.3
~~~
* Update to Setuptools 0.6c9
* Added an option ``virtualenv --relocatable EXISTING_ENV``, which
will make an existing environment "relocatable" -- the paths will
not be absolute in scripts, ``.egg-info`` and ``.pth`` files. This
may assist in building environments that can be moved and copied.
You have to run this *after* any new packages installed.
* Added ``bin/activate_this.py``, a file you can use like
``execfile("path_to/activate_this.py",
dict(__file__="path_to/activate_this.py"))`` -- this will activate
the environment in place, similar to what `the mod_wsgi example
does <http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/VirtualEnvironments>`_.
* For Mac framework builds of Python, the site-packages directory
``/Library/Python/X.Y/site-packages`` is added to ``sys.path``, from
Andrea Rech.
* Some platform-specific modules in Macs are added to the path now
(``plat-darwin/``, ``plat-mac/``, ``plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages``),
from Andrea Rech.
* Fixed a small Bashism in the ``bin/activate`` shell script.
* Added ``__future__`` to the list of required modules, for Python
2.3. You'll still need to backport your own ``subprocess`` module.
* Fixed the ``__classpath__`` entry in Jython's ``sys.path`` taking
precedent over virtualenv's libs.
1.2
~~~
* Added a ``--python`` option to select the Python interpreter.
* Add ``warnings`` to the modules copied over, for Python 2.6 support.
* Add ``sets`` to the module copied over for Python 2.3 (though Python
2.3 still probably doesn't work).
1.1.1
~~~~~
* Added support for Jython 2.5.
1.1
~~~
* Added support for Python 2.6.
* Fix a problem with missing ``DLLs/zlib.pyd`` on Windows. Create
* ``bin/python`` (or ``bin/python.exe``) even when you run virtualenv
with an interpreter named, e.g., ``python2.4``
* Fix MacPorts Python
* Added --unzip-setuptools option
* Update to Setuptools 0.6c8
* If the current directory is not writable, run ez_setup.py in ``/tmp``
* Copy or symlink over the ``include`` directory so that packages will
more consistently compile.
1.0
~~~
* Fix build on systems that use ``/usr/lib64``, distinct from
``/usr/lib`` (specifically CentOS x64).
* Fixed bug in ``--clear``.
* Fixed typos in ``deactivate.bat``.
* Preserve ``$PYTHONPATH`` when calling subprocesses.
0.9.2
~~~~~
* Fix include dir copying on Windows (makes compiling possible).
* Include the main ``lib-tk`` in the path.
* Patch ``distutils.sysconfig``: ``get_python_inc`` and
``get_python_lib`` to point to the global locations.
* Install ``distutils.cfg`` before Setuptools, so that system
customizations of ``distutils.cfg`` won't effect the installation.
* Add ``bin/pythonX.Y`` to the virtualenv (in addition to
``bin/python``).
* Fixed an issue with Mac Framework Python builds, and absolute paths
(from Ronald Oussoren).
0.9.1
~~~~~
* Improve ability to create a virtualenv from inside a virtualenv.
* Fix a little bug in ``bin/activate``.
* Actually get ``distutils.cfg`` to work reliably.
0.9
~~~
* Added ``lib-dynload`` and ``config`` to things that need to be
copied over in an environment.
* Copy over or symlink the ``include`` directory, so that you can
build packages that need the C headers.
* Include a ``distutils`` package, so you can locally update
``distutils.cfg`` (in ``lib/pythonX.Y/distutils/distutils.cfg``).
* Better avoid downloading Setuptools, and hitting PyPI on environment
creation.
* Fix a problem creating a ``lib64/`` directory.
* Should work on MacOSX Framework builds (the default Python
installations on Mac). Thanks to Ronald Oussoren.
0.8.4
~~~~~
* Windows installs would sometimes give errors about ``sys.prefix`` that
were inaccurate.
* Slightly prettier output.
0.8.3
~~~~~
* Added support for Windows.
0.8.2
~~~~~
* Give a better warning if you are on an unsupported platform (Mac
Framework Pythons, and Windows).
* Give error about running while inside a workingenv.
* Give better error message about Python 2.3.
0.8.1
~~~~~
Fixed packaging of the library.
0.8
~~~
Initial release. Everything is changed and new!
Keywords: setuptools deployment installation distutils
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.1
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.2
virtualenv
==========
.. image:: https://secure.travis-ci.org/pypa/virtualenv.png?branch=develop
:target: http://travis-ci.org/pypa/virtualenv
For documentation, see http://www.virtualenv.org/
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
Helper script to rebuild virtualenv.py from virtualenv_support
"""
import re
import os
import sys
here = os.path.dirname(__file__)
script = os.path.join(here, '..', 'virtualenv.py')
file_regex = re.compile(
r'##file (.*?)\n([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]+)\s*=\s*convert\("""(.*?)"""\)',
re.S)
file_template = '##file %(filename)s\n%(varname)s = convert("""\n%(data)s""")'
def rebuild():
f = open(script, 'rb')
content = f.read()
f.close()
parts = []
last_pos = 0
match = None
for match in file_regex.finditer(content):
parts.append(content[last_pos:match.start()])
last_pos = match.end()
filename = match.group(1)
varname = match.group(2)
data = match.group(3)
print('Found reference to file %s' % filename)
pathname = os.path.join(here, '..', 'virtualenv_embedded', filename)
f = open(pathname, 'rb')
c = f.read()
f.close()
new_data = c.encode('zlib').encode('base64')
if new_data == data:
print(' Reference up to date (%s bytes)' % len(c))
parts.append(match.group(0))
continue
print(' Content changed (%s bytes -> %s bytes)' % (
zipped_len(data), len(c)))
new_match = file_template % dict(
filename=filename,
varname=varname,
data=new_data)
parts.append(new_match)
parts.append(content[last_pos:])
new_content = ''.join(parts)
if new_content != content:
sys.stdout.write('Content updated; overwriting... ')
f = open(script, 'wb')
f.write(new_content)
f.close()
print('done.')
else:
print('No changes in content')
if match is None:
print('No variables were matched/found')
def zipped_len(data):
if not data:
return 'no data'
try:
return len(data.decode('base64').decode('zlib'))
except:
return 'unknown'
if __name__ == '__main__':
rebuild()
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
Refresh any files in ../virtualenv_support/ that come from elsewhere
"""
import os
try:
from urllib.request import urlopen
except ImportError:
from urllib2 import urlopen
import sys
here = os.path.dirname(__file__)
support_location = os.path.join(here, '..', 'virtualenv_support')
embedded_location = os.path.join(here, '..', 'virtualenv_embedded')
embedded_files = [
('http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py', 'ez_setup.py'),
('http://python-distribute.org/distribute_setup.py', 'distribute_setup.py'),
]
support_files = [
('http://pypi.python.org/packages/2.6/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg', 'setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg'),
('http://pypi.python.org/packages/2.5/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg', 'setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg'),
('http://pypi.python.org/packages/2.4/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.4.egg', 'setuptools-0.6c11-py2.4.egg'),
('http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.28.tar.gz', 'distribute-0.6.28.tar.gz'),
('http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.2.1.tar.gz', 'pip-1.2.1.tar.gz'),
]
def refresh_files(files, location):
for url, filename in files:
sys.stdout.write('fetching %s ... ' % url)
sys.stdout.flush()
f = urlopen(url)
content = f.read()
f.close()
print('done.')
filename = os.path.join(location, filename)
if os.path.exists(filename):
f = open(filename, 'rb')
cur_content = f.read()
f.close()
else:
cur_content = ''
if cur_content == content:
print(' %s up-to-date' % filename)
else:
print(' overwriting %s' % filename)
f = open(filename, 'wb')
f.write(content)
f.close()
def main():
refresh_files(embedded_files, embedded_location)
refresh_files(support_files, support_location)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
# Makefile for Sphinx documentation
#
# You can set these variables from the command line.
SPHINXOPTS =
SPHINXBUILD = sphinx-build
PAPER =
BUILDDIR = _build
# Internal variables.
PAPEROPT_a4 = -D latex_paper_size=a4
PAPEROPT_letter = -D latex_paper_size=letter
ALLSPHINXOPTS = -d $(BUILDDIR)/doctrees $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
.PHONY: help clean html dirhtml singlehtml pickle json htmlhelp qthelp devhelp epub latex latexpdf text man changes linkcheck doctest
help:
@echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of"
@echo " html to make standalone HTML files"
@echo " dirhtml to make HTML files named index.html in directories"
@echo " singlehtml to make a single large HTML file"
@echo " pickle to make pickle files"
@echo " json to make JSON files"
@echo " htmlhelp to make HTML files and a HTML help project"
@echo " qthelp to make HTML files and a qthelp project"
@echo " devhelp to make HTML files and a Devhelp project"
@echo " epub to make an epub"
@echo " latex to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter"
@echo " latexpdf to make LaTeX files and run them through pdflatex"
@echo " text to make text files"
@echo " man to make manual pages"
@echo " changes to make an overview of all changed/added/deprecated items"
@echo " linkcheck to check all external links for integrity"
@echo " doctest to run all doctests embedded in the documentation (if enabled)"
clean:
-rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/*
html:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/html
@echo
@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/html."
dirhtml:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b dirhtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml
@echo
@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml."
singlehtml:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b singlehtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml
@echo
@echo "Build finished. The HTML page is in $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml."
pickle:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pickle $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pickle
@echo
@echo "Build finished; now you can process the pickle files."
json:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b json $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/json
@echo
@echo "Build finished; now you can process the JSON files."
htmlhelp:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b htmlhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp
@echo
@echo "Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the" \
".hhp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp."
qthelp:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b qthelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp
@echo
@echo "Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the" \
".qhcp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp, like this:"
@echo "# qcollectiongenerator $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/django-compressor.qhcp"
@echo "To view the help file:"
@echo "# assistant -collectionFile $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/django-compressor.qhc"
devhelp:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b devhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp
@echo
@echo "Build finished."
@echo "To view the help file:"
@echo "# mkdir -p $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/django-compressor"
@echo "# ln -s $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/django-compressor"
@echo "# devhelp"
epub:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b epub $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/epub
@echo
@echo "Build finished. The epub file is in $(BUILDDIR)/epub."
latex:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
@echo
@echo "Build finished; the LaTeX files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
@echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through (pdf)latex" \
"(use \`make latexpdf' here to do that automatically)."
latexpdf:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
@echo "Running LaTeX files through pdflatex..."
make -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf
@echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
text:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b text $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/text
@echo
@echo "Build finished. The text files are in $(BUILDDIR)/text."
man:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b man $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/man
@echo
@echo "Build finished. The manual pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/man."
changes:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b changes $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/changes
@echo
@echo "The overview file is in $(BUILDDIR)/changes."
linkcheck:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b linkcheck $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck
@echo
@echo "Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output " \
"or in $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck/output.txt."
doctest:
$(SPHINXBUILD) -b doctest $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/doctest
@echo "Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the " \
"results in $(BUILDDIR)/doctest/output.txt."
/**
* Sphinx stylesheet -- default theme
* ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
*/
@import url("basic.css");
/* -- page layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
font-size: 100%;
background-color: #111;
color: #555;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
div.documentwrapper {
float: left;
width: 100%;
}
div.bodywrapper {
margin: 0 0 0 230px;
}
hr{
border: 1px solid #B1B4B6;
}
div.document {
background-color: #eee;
}
div.body {
background-color: #ffffff;
color: #3E4349;
padding: 0 30px 30px 30px;
font-size: 0.8em;
}
div.footer {
color: #555;
width: 100%;
padding: 13px 0;
text-align: center;
font-size: 75%;
}
div.footer a {
color: #444;
text-decoration: underline;
}
div.related {
background-color: #6BA81E;
line-height: 32px;
color: #fff;
text-shadow: 0px 1px 0 #444;
font-size: 0.80em;
}
div.related a {
color: #E2F3CC;
}
div.sphinxsidebar {
font-size: 0.75em;
line-height: 1.5em;
}
div.sphinxsidebarwrapper{
padding: 20px 0;
}
div.sphinxsidebar h3,
div.sphinxsidebar h4 {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
color: #222;
font-size: 1.2em;
font-weight: normal;
margin: 0;
padding: 5px 10px;
background-color: #ddd;
text-shadow: 1px 1px 0 white
}
div.sphinxsidebar h4{
font-size: 1.1em;
}
div.sphinxsidebar h3 a {
color: #444;
}
div.sphinxsidebar p {
color: #888;
padding: 5px 20px;
}
div.sphinxsidebar p.topless {
}
div.sphinxsidebar ul {
margin: 10px 20px;
padding: 0;
color: #000;
}
div.sphinxsidebar a {
color: #444;
}
div.sphinxsidebar input {
border: 1px solid #ccc;
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 1em;
}
div.sphinxsidebar input[type=text]{
margin-left: 20px;
}
/* -- body styles ----------------------------------------------------------- */
a {
color: #005B81;
text-decoration: none;
}
a:hover {
color: #E32E00;
text-decoration: underline;
}
div.body h1,
div.body h2,
div.body h3,
div.body h4,
div.body h5,
div.body h6 {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
background-color: #BED4EB;
font-weight: normal;
color: #212224;
margin: 30px 0px 10px 0px;
padding: 5px 0 5px 10px;
text-shadow: 0px 1px 0 white
}
div.body h1 { border-top: 20px solid white; margin-top: 0; font-size: 200%; }
div.body h2 { font-size: 150%; background-color: #C8D5E3; }
div.body h3 { font-size: 120%; background-color: #D8DEE3; }
div.body h4 { font-size: 110%; background-color: #D8DEE3; }
div.body h5 { font-size: 100%; background-color: #D8DEE3; }
div.body h6 { font-size: 100%; background-color: #D8DEE3; }
a.headerlink {
color: #c60f0f;
font-size: 0.8em;
padding: 0 4px 0 4px;
text-decoration: none;
}
a.headerlink:hover {
background-color: #c60f0f;
color: white;
}
div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li {
line-height: 1.5em;
}
div.admonition p.admonition-title + p {
display: inline;
}
div.highlight{
background-color: white;
}
div.note {
background-color: #eee;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
}
div.seealso {
background-color: #ffc;
border: 1px solid #ff6;
}
div.topic {
background-color: #eee;
}
div.warning {
background-color: #ffe4e4;
border: 1px solid #f66;
}
p.admonition-title {
display: inline;
}
p.admonition-title:after {
content: ":";
}
pre {
padding: 10px;
background-color: White;
color: #222;
line-height: 1.2em;
border: 1px solid #C6C9CB;
font-size: 1.2em;
margin: 1.5em 0 1.5em 0;
-webkit-box-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #d8d8d8;
-moz-box-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #d8d8d8;
}
tt {
background-color: #ecf0f3;
color: #222;
padding: 1px 2px;
font-size: 1.2em;
font-family: monospace;
}
.c { color: #999988; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
.k { font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.o { font-weight: bold } /* Operator */
.cm { color: #999988; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
.cp { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Comment.preproc */
.c1 { color: #999988; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
.gd { color: #000000; background-color: #ffdddd } /* Generic.Deleted */
.ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.gr { color: #aa0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.gh { color: #999999 } /* Generic.Heading */
.gi { color: #000000; background-color: #ddffdd } /* Generic.Inserted */
.go { color: #111 } /* Generic.Output */
.gp { color: #555555 } /* Generic.Prompt */
.gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
.gu { color: #aaaaaa } /* Generic.Subheading */
.gt { color: #aa0000 } /* Generic.Traceback */
.kc { font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
.kd { font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
.kp { font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
.kr { font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
.kt { color: #445588; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Type */
.m { color: #009999 } /* Literal.Number */
.s { color: #bb8844 } /* Literal.String */
.na { color: #008080 } /* Name.Attribute */
.nb { color: #999999 } /* Name.Builtin */
.nc { color: #445588; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
.no { color: #ff99ff } /* Name.Constant */
.ni { color: #800080 } /* Name.Entity */
.ne { color: #990000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.nf { color: #990000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Function */
.nn { color: #555555 } /* Name.Namespace */
.nt { color: #000080 } /* Name.Tag */
.nv { color: purple } /* Name.Variable */
.ow { font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
.mf { color: #009999 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.mh { color: #009999 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.mi { color: #009999 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.mo { color: #009999 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.sb { color: #bb8844 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.sc { color: #bb8844 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.sd { color: #bb8844 } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.s2 { color: #bb8844 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.se { color: #bb8844 } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.sh { color: #bb8844 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.si { color: #bb8844 } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.sx { color: #bb8844 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.sr { color: #808000 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.s1 { color: #bb8844 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.ss { color: #bb8844 } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.bp { color: #999999 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.vc { color: #ff99ff } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.vg { color: #ff99ff } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.vi { color: #ff99ff } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.il { color: #009999 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
\ No newline at end of file
[theme]
inherit = basic
stylesheet = nature.css
pygments_style = tango
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Paste documentation build configuration file, created by
# sphinx-quickstart on Tue Apr 22 22:08:49 2008.
#
# This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its containing dir.
#
# The contents of this file are pickled, so don't put values in the namespace
# that aren't pickleable (module imports are okay, they're removed automatically).
#
# All configuration values have a default value; values that are commented out
# serve to show the default value.
import sys
# If your extensions are in another directory, add it here.
#sys.path.append('some/directory')
# General configuration
# ---------------------
# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be extensions
# coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom ones.
extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc']
# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
## FIXME: disabled for now because I haven't figured out how to use this:
#templates_path = ['_templates']
# The suffix of source filenames.
source_suffix = '.txt'
# The master toctree document.
master_doc = 'index'
# General substitutions.
project = 'virtualenv'
copyright = '2007-2012, Ian Bicking, The Open Planning Project, The virtualenv developers'
# The default replacements for |version| and |release|, also used in various
# other places throughout the built documents.
try:
from virtualenv import __version__
# The short X.Y version.
version = '.'.join(__version__.split('.')[:2])
# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
release = __version__
except ImportError:
version = release = 'dev'
# There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
# non-false value, then it is used:
#today = ''
# Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
# List of documents that shouldn't be included in the build.
unused_docs = []
# If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
#add_function_parentheses = True
# If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
# unit titles (such as .. function::).
#add_module_names = True
# If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
# output. They are ignored by default.
#show_authors = False
# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
pygments_style = 'sphinx'
# Options for HTML output
# -----------------------
# The style sheet to use for HTML and HTML Help pages. A file of that name
# must exist either in Sphinx' static/ path, or in one of the custom paths
# given in html_static_path.
#html_style = 'default.css'
html_theme = 'nature'
html_theme_path = ['_theme']
# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
# html_static_path = ['_static']
# If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom,
# using the given strftime format.
html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
# If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to
# typographically correct entities.
#html_use_smartypants = True
# Content template for the index page.
#html_index = ''
# Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names.
#html_sidebars = {}
# Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to
# template names.
#html_additional_pages = {}
# If false, no module index is generated.
#html_use_modindex = True
# If true, the reST sources are included in the HTML build as _sources/<name>.
#html_copy_source = True
# Output file base name for HTML help builder.
htmlhelp_basename = 'Pastedoc'
# Options for LaTeX output
# ------------------------
# The paper size ('letter' or 'a4').
#latex_paper_size = 'letter'
# The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
#latex_font_size = '10pt'
# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
# (source start file, target name, title, author, document class [howto/manual]).
#latex_documents = []
# Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
#latex_preamble = ''
# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
#latex_appendices = []
# If false, no module index is generated.
#latex_use_modindex = True
virtualenv
==========
* `Discussion list <http://groups.google.com/group/python-virtualenv/>`_
* `Bugs <https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/issues/>`_
.. contents::
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
news
.. comment: split here
Installation
------------
You can install virtualenv with ``pip install virtualenv``, or the `latest
development version <https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/tarball/develop>`_
with ``pip install https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/tarball/develop``.
You can also use ``easy_install``, or if you have no Python package manager
available at all, you can just grab the single file `virtualenv.py`_ and run
it with ``python virtualenv.py``.
.. _virtualenv.py: https://raw.github.com/pypa/virtualenv/master/virtualenv.py
What It Does
------------
``virtualenv`` is a tool to create isolated Python environments.
The basic problem being addressed is one of dependencies and versions,
and indirectly permissions. Imagine you have an application that
needs version 1 of LibFoo, but another application requires version
2. How can you use both these applications? If you install
everything into ``/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages`` (or whatever your
platform's standard location is), it's easy to end up in a situation
where you unintentionally upgrade an application that shouldn't be
upgraded.
Or more generally, what if you want to install an application *and
leave it be*? If an application works, any change in its libraries or
the versions of those libraries can break the application.
Also, what if you can't install packages into the global
``site-packages`` directory? For instance, on a shared host.
In all these cases, ``virtualenv`` can help you. It creates an
environment that has its own installation directories, that doesn't
share libraries with other virtualenv environments (and optionally
doesn't access the globally installed libraries either).
Usage
-----
The basic usage is::
$ python virtualenv.py ENV
If you install it you can also just do ``virtualenv ENV``.
This creates ``ENV/lib/pythonX.X/site-packages``, where any libraries you
install will go. It also creates ``ENV/bin/python``, which is a Python
interpreter that uses this environment. Anytime you use that interpreter
(including when a script has ``#!/path/to/ENV/bin/python`` in it) the libraries
in that environment will be used.
It also installs either `Setuptools
<http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/setuptools>`_ or `distribute
<http://pypi.python.org/pypi/distribute>`_ into the environment. To use
Distribute instead of setuptools, just call virtualenv like this::
$ python virtualenv.py --distribute ENV
You can also set the environment variable VIRTUALENV_DISTRIBUTE.
A new virtualenv also includes the `pip <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip>`_
installer, so you can use ``ENV/bin/pip`` to install additional packages into
the environment.
activate script
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In a newly created virtualenv there will be a ``bin/activate`` shell
script. For Windows systems, activation scripts are provided for CMD.exe
and Powershell.
On Posix systems you can do::
$ source bin/activate
This will change your ``$PATH`` so its first entry is the virtualenv's
``bin/`` directory. (You have to use ``source`` because it changes your
shell environment in-place.) This is all it does; it's purely a
convenience. If you directly run a script or the python interpreter
from the virtualenv's ``bin/`` directory (e.g. ``path/to/env/bin/pip``
or ``/path/to/env/bin/python script.py``) there's no need for
activation.
After activating an environment you can use the function ``deactivate`` to
undo the changes to your ``$PATH``.
The ``activate`` script will also modify your shell prompt to indicate
which environment is currently active. You can disable this behavior,
which can be useful if you have your own custom prompt that already
displays the active environment name. To do so, set the
``VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT`` environment variable to any non-empty
value before running the ``activate`` script.
On Windows you just do::
> \path\to\env\Scripts\activate
And type `deactivate` to undo the changes.
Based on your active shell (CMD.exe or Powershell.exe), Windows will use
either activate.bat or activate.ps1 (as appropriate) to activate the
virtual environment. If using Powershell, see the notes about code signing
below.
.. note::
If using Powershell, the ``activate`` script is subject to the
`execution policies`_ on the system. By default on Windows 7, the system's
excution policy is set to ``Restricted``, meaning no scripts like the
``activate`` script are allowed to be executed. But that can't stop us
from changing that slightly to allow it to be executed.
In order to use the script, you have to relax your system's execution
policy to ``AllSigned``, meaning all scripts on the system must be
digitally signed to be executed. Since the virtualenv activation
script is signed by one of the authors (Jannis Leidel) this level of
the execution policy suffices. As an administrator run::
PS C:\> Set-ExecutionPolicy AllSigned
Then you'll be asked to trust the signer, when executing the script.
You will be prompted with the following::
PS C:\> virtualenv .\foo
New python executable in C:\foo\Scripts\python.exe
Installing setuptools................done.
Installing pip...................done.
PS C:\> .\foo\scripts\activate
Do you want to run software from this untrusted publisher?
File C:\foo\scripts\activate.ps1 is published by E=jannis@leidel.info,
CN=Jannis Leidel, L=Berlin, S=Berlin, C=DE, Description=581796-Gh7xfJxkxQSIO4E0
and is not trusted on your system. Only run scripts from trusted publishers.
[V] Never run [D] Do not run [R] Run once [A] Always run [?] Help
(default is "D"):A
(foo) PS C:\>
If you select ``[A] Always Run``, the certificate will be added to the
Trusted Publishers of your user account, and will be trusted in this
user's context henceforth. If you select ``[R] Run Once``, the script will
be run, but you will be prometed on a subsequent invocation. Advanced users
can add the signer's certificate to the Trusted Publishers of the Computer
account to apply to all users (though this technique is out of scope of this
document).
Alternatively, you may relax the system execution policy to allow running
of local scripts without verifying the code signature using the following::
PS C:\> Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
Since the ``activate.ps1`` script is generated locally for each virtualenv,
it is not considered a remote script and can then be executed.
.. _`execution policies`: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd347641.aspx
The ``--system-site-packages`` Option
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If you build with ``virtualenv --system-site-packages ENV``, your virtual
environment will inherit packages from ``/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages``
(or wherever your global site-packages directory is).
This can be used if you have control over the global site-packages directory,
and you want to depend on the packages there. If you want isolation from the
global system, do not use this flag.
Environment variables and configuration files
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
virtualenv can not only be configured by passing command line options such as
``--distribute`` but also by two other means:
- Environment variables
Each command line option is automatically used to look for environment
variables with the name format ``VIRTUALENV_<UPPER_NAME>``. That means
the name of the command line options are capitalized and have dashes
(``'-'``) replaced with underscores (``'_'``).
For example, to automatically install Distribute instead of setuptools
you can also set an environment variable::
$ export VIRTUALENV_DISTRIBUTE=true
$ python virtualenv.py ENV
It's the same as passing the option to virtualenv directly::
$ python virtualenv.py --distribute ENV
This also works for appending command line options, like ``--find-links``.
Just leave an empty space between the passsed values, e.g.::
$ export VIRTUALENV_EXTRA_SEARCH_DIR="/path/to/dists /path/to/other/dists"
$ virtualenv ENV
is the same as calling::
$ python virtualenv.py --extra-search-dir=/path/to/dists --extra-search-dir=/path/to/other/dists ENV
- Config files
virtualenv also looks for a standard ini config file. On Unix and Mac OS X
that's ``$HOME/.virtualenv/virtualenv.ini`` and on Windows, it's
``%APPDATA%\virtualenv\virtualenv.ini``.
The names of the settings are derived from the long command line option,
e.g. the option ``--distribute`` would look like this::
[virtualenv]
distribute = true
Appending options like ``--extra-search-dir`` can be written on multiple
lines::
[virtualenv]
extra-search-dir =
/path/to/dists
/path/to/other/dists
Please have a look at the output of ``virtualenv --help`` for a full list
of supported options.
Windows Notes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Some paths within the virtualenv are slightly different on Windows: scripts and
executables on Windows go in ``ENV\Scripts\`` instead of ``ENV/bin/`` and
libraries go in ``ENV\Lib\`` rather than ``ENV/lib/``.
To create a virtualenv under a path with spaces in it on Windows, you'll need
the `win32api <http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/>`_ library installed.
PyPy Support
~~~~~~~~~~~~
Beginning with virtualenv version 1.5 `PyPy <http://pypy.org>`_ is
supported. To use PyPy 1.4 or 1.4.1, you need a version of virtualenv >= 1.5.
To use PyPy 1.5, you need a version of virtualenv >= 1.6.1.
Creating Your Own Bootstrap Scripts
-----------------------------------
While this creates an environment, it doesn't put anything into the
environment. Developers may find it useful to distribute a script
that sets up a particular environment, for example a script that
installs a particular web application.
To create a script like this, call
``virtualenv.create_bootstrap_script(extra_text)``, and write the
result to your new bootstrapping script. Here's the documentation
from the docstring:
Creates a bootstrap script, which is like this script but with
extend_parser, adjust_options, and after_install hooks.
This returns a string that (written to disk of course) can be used
as a bootstrap script with your own customizations. The script
will be the standard virtualenv.py script, with your extra text
added (your extra text should be Python code).
If you include these functions, they will be called:
``extend_parser(optparse_parser)``:
You can add or remove options from the parser here.
``adjust_options(options, args)``:
You can change options here, or change the args (if you accept
different kinds of arguments, be sure you modify ``args`` so it is
only ``[DEST_DIR]``).
``after_install(options, home_dir)``:
After everything is installed, this function is called. This
is probably the function you are most likely to use. An
example would be::
def after_install(options, home_dir):
if sys.platform == 'win32':
bin = 'Scripts'
else:
bin = 'bin'
subprocess.call([join(home_dir, bin, 'easy_install'),
'MyPackage'])
subprocess.call([join(home_dir, bin, 'my-package-script'),
'setup', home_dir])
This example immediately installs a package, and runs a setup
script from that package.
Bootstrap Example
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Here's a more concrete example of how you could use this::
import virtualenv, textwrap
output = virtualenv.create_bootstrap_script(textwrap.dedent("""
import os, subprocess
def after_install(options, home_dir):
etc = join(home_dir, 'etc')
if not os.path.exists(etc):
os.makedirs(etc)
subprocess.call([join(home_dir, 'bin', 'easy_install'),
'BlogApplication'])
subprocess.call([join(home_dir, 'bin', 'paster'),
'make-config', 'BlogApplication',
join(etc, 'blog.ini')])
subprocess.call([join(home_dir, 'bin', 'paster'),
'setup-app', join(etc, 'blog.ini')])
"""))
f = open('blog-bootstrap.py', 'w').write(output)
Another example is available `here
<https://github.com/socialplanning/fassembler/blob/master/fassembler/create-venv-script.py>`_.
Using Virtualenv without ``bin/python``
---------------------------------------
Sometimes you can't or don't want to use the Python interpreter
created by the virtualenv. For instance, in a `mod_python
<http://www.modpython.org/>`_ or `mod_wsgi <http://www.modwsgi.org/>`_
environment, there is only one interpreter.
Luckily, it's easy. You must use the custom Python interpreter to
*install* libraries. But to *use* libraries, you just have to be sure
the path is correct. A script is available to correct the path. You
can setup the environment like::
activate_this = '/path/to/env/bin/activate_this.py'
execfile(activate_this, dict(__file__=activate_this))
This will change ``sys.path`` and even change ``sys.prefix``, but also allow
you to use an existing interpreter. Items in your environment will show up
first on ``sys.path``, before global items. However, global items will
always be accessible (as if the ``--system-site-packages`` flag had been used
in creating the environment, whether it was or not). Also, this cannot undo
the activation of other environments, or modules that have been imported.
You shouldn't try to, for instance, activate an environment before a web
request; you should activate *one* environment as early as possible, and not
do it again in that process.
Making Environments Relocatable
-------------------------------
Note: this option is somewhat experimental, and there are probably
caveats that have not yet been identified. Also this does not
currently work on Windows.
Normally environments are tied to a specific path. That means that
you cannot move an environment around or copy it to another computer.
You can fix up an environment to make it relocatable with the
command::
$ virtualenv --relocatable ENV
This will make some of the files created by setuptools or distribute
use relative paths, and will change all the scripts to use ``activate_this.py``
instead of using the location of the Python interpreter to select the
environment.
**Note:** you must run this after you've installed *any* packages into
the environment. If you make an environment relocatable, then
install a new package, you must run ``virtualenv --relocatable``
again.
Also, this **does not make your packages cross-platform**. You can
move the directory around, but it can only be used on other similar
computers. Some known environmental differences that can cause
incompatibilities: a different version of Python, when one platform
uses UCS2 for its internal unicode representation and another uses
UCS4 (a compile-time option), obvious platform changes like Windows
vs. Linux, or Intel vs. ARM, and if you have libraries that bind to C
libraries on the system, if those C libraries are located somewhere
different (either different versions, or a different filesystem
layout).
If you use this flag to create an environment, currently, the
``--system-site-packages`` option will be implied.
The ``--extra-search-dir`` option
---------------------------------
When it creates a new environment, virtualenv installs either
setuptools or distribute, and pip. In normal operation, the latest
releases of these packages are fetched from the `Python Package Index
<http://pypi.python.org>`_ (PyPI). In some circumstances, this
behavior may not be wanted, for example if you are using virtualenv
during a deployment and do not want to depend on Internet access and
PyPI availability.
As an alternative, you can provide your own versions of setuptools,
distribute and/or pip on the filesystem, and tell virtualenv to use
those distributions instead of downloading them from the Internet. To
use this feature, pass one or more ``--extra-search-dir`` options to
virtualenv like this::
$ virtualenv --extra-search-dir=/path/to/distributions ENV
The ``/path/to/distributions`` path should point to a directory that
contains setuptools, distribute and/or pip distributions. Setuptools
distributions must be ``.egg`` files; distribute and pip distributions
should be `.tar.gz` source distributions.
Virtualenv will still download these packages if no satisfactory local
distributions are found.
If you are really concerned about virtualenv fetching these packages
from the Internet and want to ensure that it never will, you can also
provide an option ``--never-download`` like so::
$ virtualenv --extra-search-dir=/path/to/distributions --never-download ENV
If this option is provided, virtualenv will never try to download
setuptools/distribute or pip. Instead, it will exit with status code 1
if it fails to find local distributions for any of these required
packages. The local distribution lookup is done in this order and the
following locations:
#. The current directory.
#. The directory where virtualenv.py is located.
#. A ``virtualenv_support`` directory relative to the directory where
virtualenv.py is located.
#. If the file being executed is not named virtualenv.py (i.e. is a boot
script), a ``virtualenv_support`` directory relative to wherever
virtualenv.py is actually installed.
Compare & Contrast with Alternatives
------------------------------------
There are several alternatives that create isolated environments:
* ``workingenv`` (which I do not suggest you use anymore) is the
predecessor to this library. It used the main Python interpreter,
but relied on setting ``$PYTHONPATH`` to activate the environment.
This causes problems when running Python scripts that aren't part of
the environment (e.g., a globally installed ``hg`` or ``bzr``). It
also conflicted a lot with Setuptools.
* `virtual-python
<http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall#creating-a-virtual-python>`_
is also a predecessor to this library. It uses only symlinks, so it
couldn't work on Windows. It also symlinks over the *entire*
standard library and global ``site-packages``. As a result, it
won't see new additions to the global ``site-packages``.
This script only symlinks a small portion of the standard library
into the environment, and so on Windows it is feasible to simply
copy these files over. Also, it creates a new/empty
``site-packages`` and also adds the global ``site-packages`` to the
path, so updates are tracked separately. This script also installs
Setuptools automatically, saving a step and avoiding the need for
network access.
* `zc.buildout <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/zc.buildout>`_ doesn't
create an isolated Python environment in the same style, but
achieves similar results through a declarative config file that sets
up scripts with very particular packages. As a declarative system,
it is somewhat easier to repeat and manage, but more difficult to
experiment with. ``zc.buildout`` includes the ability to setup
non-Python systems (e.g., a database server or an Apache instance).
I *strongly* recommend anyone doing application development or
deployment use one of these tools.
Contributing
------------
Refer to the `contributing to pip`_ documentation - it applies equally to
virtualenv, except that virtualenv issues should filed on the `virtualenv
repo`_ at GitHub.
Virtualenv's release schedule is tied to pip's -- each time there's a new pip
release, there will be a new virtualenv release that bundles the new version of
pip.
.. _contributing to pip: http://www.pip-installer.org/en/latest/contributing.html
.. _virtualenv repo: https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/
Running the tests
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Virtualenv's test suite is small and not yet at all comprehensive, but we aim
to grow it.
The easy way to run tests (handles test dependencies automatically)::
$ python setup.py test
If you want to run only a selection of the tests, you'll need to run them
directly with nose instead. Create a virtualenv, and install required
packages::
$ pip install nose mock
Run nosetests::
$ nosetests
Or select just a single test file to run::
$ nosetests tests.test_virtualenv
Other Documentation and Links
-----------------------------
* James Gardner has written a tutorial on using `virtualenv with
Pylons
<http://wiki.pylonshq.com/display/pylonscookbook/Using+a+Virtualenv+Sandbox>`_.
* `Blog announcement
<http://blog.ianbicking.org/2007/10/10/workingenv-is-dead-long-live-virtualenv/>`_.
* Doug Hellmann wrote a description of his `command-line work flow
using virtualenv (virtualenvwrapper)
<http://www.doughellmann.com/articles/CompletelyDifferent-2008-05-virtualenvwrapper/index.html>`_
including some handy scripts to make working with multiple
environments easier. He also wrote `an example of using virtualenv
to try IPython
<http://www.doughellmann.com/articles/CompletelyDifferent-2008-02-ipython-and-virtualenv/index.html>`_.
* Chris Perkins created a `showmedo video including virtualenv
<http://showmedo.com/videos/video?name=2910000&fromSeriesID=291>`_.
* `Using virtualenv with mod_wsgi
<http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/VirtualEnvironments>`_.
* `virtualenv commands
<https://github.com/thisismedium/virtualenv-commands>`_ for some more
workflow-related tools around virtualenv.
Status and License
------------------
``virtualenv`` is a successor to `workingenv
<http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi/workingenv.py>`_, and an extension
of `virtual-python
<http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall#creating-a-virtual-python>`_.
It was written by Ian Bicking, sponsored by the `Open Planning
Project <http://openplans.org>`_ and is now maintained by a
`group of developers <https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/raw/master/AUTHORS.txt>`_.
It is licensed under an
`MIT-style permissive license <https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv/raw/master/LICENSE.txt>`_.
@ECHO OFF
REM Command file for Sphinx documentation
if "%SPHINXBUILD%" == "" (
set SPHINXBUILD=sphinx-build
)
set BUILDDIR=_build
set ALLSPHINXOPTS=-d %BUILDDIR%/doctrees %SPHINXOPTS% .
if NOT "%PAPER%" == "" (
set ALLSPHINXOPTS=-D latex_paper_size=%PAPER% %ALLSPHINXOPTS%
)
if "%1" == "" goto help
if "%1" == "help" (
:help
echo.Please use `make ^<target^>` where ^<target^> is one of
echo. html to make standalone HTML files
echo. dirhtml to make HTML files named index.html in directories
echo. singlehtml to make a single large HTML file
echo. pickle to make pickle files
echo. json to make JSON files
echo. htmlhelp to make HTML files and a HTML help project
echo. qthelp to make HTML files and a qthelp project
echo. devhelp to make HTML files and a Devhelp project
echo. epub to make an epub
echo. latex to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter
echo. text to make text files
echo. man to make manual pages
echo. changes to make an overview over all changed/added/deprecated items
echo. linkcheck to check all external links for integrity
echo. doctest to run all doctests embedded in the documentation if enabled
goto end
)
if "%1" == "clean" (
for /d %%i in (%BUILDDIR%\*) do rmdir /q /s %%i
del /q /s %BUILDDIR%\*
goto end
)
if "%1" == "html" (
%SPHINXBUILD% -b html %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/html
if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
echo.
echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/html.
goto end
)
if "%1" == "dirhtml" (
%SPHINXBUILD% -b dirhtml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/dirhtml
if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
echo.
echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/dirhtml.
goto end
)
if "%1" == "singlehtml" (
%SPHINXBUILD% -b singlehtml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/singlehtml
if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
echo.
echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/singlehtml.
goto end
)
if "%1" == "pickle" (
%SPHINXBUILD% -b pickle %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/pickle
if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
echo.
echo.Build finished; now you can process the pickle files.
goto end
)
if "%1" == "json" (
%SPHINXBUILD% -b json %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/json
if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
echo.
echo.Build finished; now you can process the JSON files.
goto end
)
if "%1" == "htmlhelp" (
%SPHINXBUILD% -b htmlhelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/htmlhelp
if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
echo.
echo.Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the ^
.hhp project file in %BUILDDIR%/htmlhelp.
goto end
)
if "%1" == "qthelp" (
%SPHINXBUILD% -b qthelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/qthelp
if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
echo.
echo.Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the ^
.qhcp project file in %BUILDDIR%/qthelp, like this:
echo.^> qcollectiongenerator %BUILDDIR%\qthelp\django-compressor.qhcp
echo.To view the help file:
echo.^> assistant -collectionFile %BUILDDIR%\qthelp\django-compressor.ghc
goto end
)
if "%1" == "devhelp" (
%SPHINXBUILD% -b devhelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/devhelp
if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
echo.
echo.Build finished.
goto end
)
if "%1" == "epub" (
%SPHINXBUILD% -b epub %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/epub
if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
echo.
echo.Build finished. The epub file is in %BUILDDIR%/epub.
goto end
)
if "%1" == "latex" (
%SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex
if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
echo.
echo.Build finished; the LaTeX files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.
goto end
)
if "%1" == "text" (
%SPHINXBUILD% -b text %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/text
if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
echo.
echo.Build finished. The text files are in %BUILDDIR%/text.
goto end
)
if "%1" == "man" (
%SPHINXBUILD% -b man %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/man
if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
echo.
echo.Build finished. The manual pages are in %BUILDDIR%/man.
goto end
)
if "%1" == "changes" (
%SPHINXBUILD% -b changes %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/changes
if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
echo.
echo.The overview file is in %BUILDDIR%/changes.
goto end
)
if "%1" == "linkcheck" (
%SPHINXBUILD% -b linkcheck %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/linkcheck
if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
echo.
echo.Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output ^
or in %BUILDDIR%/linkcheck/output.txt.
goto end
)
if "%1" == "doctest" (
%SPHINXBUILD% -b doctest %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/doctest
if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
echo.
echo.Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the ^
results in %BUILDDIR%/doctest/output.txt.
goto end
)
:end
Changes & News
--------------
.. warning::
Python bugfix releases 2.6.8, 2.7.3, 3.1.5 and 3.2.3 include a change that
will cause "import random" to fail with "cannot import name urandom" on any
virtualenv created on a Unix host with an earlier release of Python
2.6/2.7/3.1/3.2, if the underlying system Python is upgraded. This is due to
the fact that a virtualenv uses the system Python's standard library but
contains its own copy of the Python interpreter, so an upgrade to the system
Python results in a mismatch between the version of the Python interpreter
and the version of the standard library. It can be fixed by removing
``$ENV/bin/python`` and re-running virtualenv on the same target directory
with the upgraded Python.
1.8.2 (2012-09-06)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Updated the included pip version to 1.2.1 to fix regressions introduced
there in 1.2.
1.8.1 (2012-09-03)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Fixed distribute version used with `--never-download`. Thanks michr for
report and patch.
* Fix creating Python 3.3 based virtualenvs by unsetting the
``__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__`` environment variable in subprocesses.
1.8 (2012-09-01)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* **Dropped support for Python 2.4** The minimum supported Python version is
now Python 2.5.
* Fix `--relocatable` on systems that use lib64. Fixes #78. Thanks Branden
Rolston.
* Symlink some additional modules under Python 3. Fixes #194. Thanks Vinay
Sajip, Ian Clelland, and Stefan Holek for the report.
* Fix ``--relocatable`` when a script uses ``__future__`` imports. Thanks
Branden Rolston.
* Fix a bug in the config option parser that prevented setting negative
options with environemnt variables. Thanks Ralf Schmitt.
* Allow setting ``--no-site-packages`` from the config file.
* Use ``/usr/bin/multiarch-platform`` if available to figure out the include
directory. Thanks for the patch, Mika Laitio.
* Fix ``install_name_tool`` replacement to work on Python 3.X.
* Handle paths of users' site-packages on Mac OS X correctly when changing
the prefix.
* Updated the embedded version of distribute to 0.6.28 and pip to 1.2.
1.7.2 (2012-06-22)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Updated to distribute 0.6.27.
* Fix activate.fish on OS X. Fixes #8. Thanks David Schoonover.
* Create a virtualenv-x.x script with the Python version when installing, so
virtualenv for multiple Python versions can be installed to the same
script location. Thanks Miki Tebeka.
* Restored ability to create a virtualenv with a path longer than 78
characters, without breaking creation of virtualenvs with non-ASCII paths.
Thanks, Bradley Ayers.
* Added ability to create virtualenvs without having installed Apple's
developers tools (using an own implementation of ``install_name_tool``).
Thanks Mike Hommey.
* Fixed PyPy and Jython support on Windows. Thanks Konstantin Zemlyak.
* Added pydoc script to ease use. Thanks Marc Abramowitz. Fixes #149.
* Fixed creating a bootstrap script on Python 3. Thanks Raul Leal. Fixes #280.
* Fixed inconsistency when having set the ``PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE`` env var
with the --distribute option or the ``VIRTUALENV_USE_DISTRIBUTE`` env var.
``VIRTUALENV_USE_DISTRIBUTE`` is now considered again as a legacy alias.
1.7.1.2 (2012-02-17)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Fixed minor issue in `--relocatable`. Thanks, Cap Petschulat.
1.7.1.1 (2012-02-16)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Bumped the version string in ``virtualenv.py`` up, too.
* Fixed rST rendering bug of long description.
1.7.1 (2012-02-16)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Update embedded pip to version 1.1.
* Fix `--relocatable` under Python 3. Thanks Doug Hellmann.
* Added environ PATH modification to activate_this.py. Thanks Doug
Napoleone. Fixes #14.
* Support creating virtualenvs directly from a Python build directory on
Windows. Thanks CBWhiz. Fixes #139.
* Use non-recursive symlinks to fix things up for posix_local install
scheme. Thanks michr.
* Made activate script available for use with msys and cygwin on Windows.
Thanks Greg Haskins, Cliff Xuan, Jonathan Griffin and Doug Napoleone.
Fixes #176.
* Fixed creation of virtualenvs on Windows when Python is not installed for
all users. Thanks Anatoly Techtonik for report and patch and Doug
Napoleone for testing and confirmation. Fixes #87.
* Fixed creation of virtualenvs using -p in installs where some modules
that ought to be in the standard library (e.g. `readline`) are actually
installed in `site-packages` next to `virtualenv.py`. Thanks Greg Haskins
for report and fix. Fixes #167.
* Added activation script for Powershell (signed by Jannis Leidel). Many
thanks to Jason R. Coombs.
1.7 (2011-11-30)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Gave user-provided ``--extra-search-dir`` priority over default dirs for
finding setuptools/distribute (it already had priority for finding pip).
Thanks Ethan Jucovy.
* Updated embedded Distribute release to 0.6.24. Thanks Alex Gronholm.
* Made ``--no-site-packages`` behavior the default behavior. The
``--no-site-packages`` flag is still permitted, but displays a warning when
used. Thanks Chris McDonough.
* New flag: ``--system-site-packages``; this flag should be passed to get the
previous default global-site-package-including behavior back.
* Added ability to set command options as environment variables and options
in a ``virtualenv.ini`` file.
* Fixed various encoding related issues with paths. Thanks Gunnlaugur Thor Briem.
* Made ``virtualenv.py`` script executable.
1.6.4 (2011-07-21)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Restored ability to run on Python 2.4, too.
1.6.3 (2011-07-16)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Restored ability to run on Python < 2.7.
1.6.2 (2011-07-16)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Updated embedded distribute release to 0.6.19.
* Updated embedded pip release to 1.0.2.
* Fixed #141 - Be smarter about finding pkg_resources when using the
non-default Python intepreter (by using the ``-p`` option).
* Fixed #112 - Fixed path in docs.
* Fixed #109 - Corrected doctests of a Logger method.
* Fixed #118 - Fixed creating virtualenvs on platforms that use the
"posix_local" install scheme, such as Ubuntu with Python 2.7.
* Add missing library to Python 3 virtualenvs (``_dummy_thread``).
1.6.1 (2011-04-30)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Start to use git-flow.
* Added support for PyPy 1.5
* Fixed #121 -- added sanity-checking of the -p argument. Thanks Paul Nasrat.
* Added progress meter for pip installation as well as setuptools. Thanks Ethan
Jucovy.
* Added --never-download and --search-dir options. Thanks Ethan Jucovy.
1.6
~~~
* Added Python 3 support! Huge thanks to Vinay Sajip and Vitaly Babiy.
* Fixed creation of virtualenvs on Mac OS X when standard library modules
(readline) are installed outside the standard library.
* Updated bundled pip to 1.0.
1.5.2
~~~~~
* Moved main repository to Github: https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv
* Transferred primary maintenance from Ian to Jannis Leidel, Carl Meyer and Brian Rosner
* Fixed a few more pypy related bugs.
* Updated bundled pip to 0.8.2.
* Handed project over to new team of maintainers.
* Moved virtualenv to Github at https://github.com/pypa/virtualenv
1.5.1
~~~~~
* Added ``_weakrefset`` requirement for Python 2.7.1.
* Fixed Windows regression in 1.5
1.5
~~~
* Include pip 0.8.1.
* Add support for PyPy.
* Uses a proper temporary dir when installing environment requirements.
* Add ``--prompt`` option to be able to override the default prompt prefix.
* Fix an issue with ``--relocatable`` on Windows.
* Fix issue with installing the wrong version of distribute.
* Add fish and csh activate scripts.
1.4.9
~~~~~
* Include pip 0.7.2
1.4.8
~~~~~
* Fix for Mac OS X Framework builds that use
``--universal-archs=intel``
* Fix ``activate_this.py`` on Windows.
* Allow ``$PYTHONHOME`` to be set, so long as you use ``source
bin/activate`` it will get unset; if you leave it set and do not
activate the environment it will still break the environment.
* Include pip 0.7.1
1.4.7
~~~~~
* Include pip 0.7
1.4.6
~~~~~
* Allow ``activate.sh`` to skip updating the prompt (by setting
``$VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT``).
1.4.5
~~~~~
* Include pip 0.6.3
* Fix ``activate.bat`` and ``deactivate.bat`` under Windows when
``PATH`` contained a parenthesis
1.4.4
~~~~~
* Include pip 0.6.2 and Distribute 0.6.10
* Create the ``virtualenv`` script even when Setuptools isn't
installed
* Fix problem with ``virtualenv --relocate`` when ``bin/`` has
subdirectories (e.g., ``bin/.svn/``); from Alan Franzoni.
* If you set ``$VIRTUALENV_DISTRIBUTE`` then virtualenv will use
Distribute by default (so you don't have to remember to use
``--distribute``).
1.4.3
~~~~~
* Include pip 0.6.1
1.4.2
~~~~~
* Fix pip installation on Windows
* Fix use of stand-alone ``virtualenv.py`` (and boot scripts)
* Exclude ~/.local (user site-packages) from environments when using
``--no-site-packages``
1.4.1
~~~~~
* Include pip 0.6
1.4
~~~
* Updated setuptools to 0.6c11
* Added the --distribute option
* Fixed packaging problem of support-files
1.3.4
~~~~~
* Virtualenv now copies the actual embedded Python binary on
Mac OS X to fix a hang on Snow Leopard (10.6).
* Fail more gracefully on Windows when ``win32api`` is not installed.
* Fix site-packages taking precedent over Jython's ``__classpath__``
and also specially handle the new ``__pyclasspath__`` entry in
``sys.path``.
* Now copies Jython's ``registry`` file to the virtualenv if it exists.
* Better find libraries when compiling extensions on Windows.
* Create ``Scripts\pythonw.exe`` on Windows.
* Added support for the Debian/Ubuntu
``/usr/lib/pythonX.Y/dist-packages`` directory.
* Set ``distutils.sysconfig.get_config_vars()['LIBDIR']`` (based on
``sys.real_prefix``) which is reported to help building on Windows.
* Make ``deactivate`` work on ksh
* Fixes for ``--python``: make it work with ``--relocatable`` and the
symlink created to the exact Python version.
1.3.3
~~~~~
* Use Windows newlines in ``activate.bat``, which has been reported to help
when using non-ASCII directory names.
* Fixed compatibility with Jython 2.5b1.
* Added a function ``virtualenv.install_python`` for more fine-grained
access to what ``virtualenv.create_environment`` does.
* Fix `a problem <https://bugs.launchpad.net/virtualenv/+bug/241581>`_
with Windows and paths that contain spaces.
* If ``/path/to/env/.pydistutils.cfg`` exists (or
``/path/to/env/pydistutils.cfg`` on Windows systems) then ignore
``~/.pydistutils.cfg`` and use that other file instead.
* Fix ` a problem
<https://bugs.launchpad.net/virtualenv/+bug/340050>`_ picking up
some ``.so`` libraries in ``/usr/local``.
1.3.2
~~~~~
* Remove the ``[install] prefix = ...`` setting from the virtualenv
``distutils.cfg`` -- this has been causing problems for a lot of
people, in rather obscure ways.
* If you use a boot script it will attempt to import ``virtualenv``
and find a pre-downloaded Setuptools egg using that.
* Added platform-specific paths, like ``/usr/lib/pythonX.Y/plat-linux2``
1.3.1
~~~~~
* Real Python 2.6 compatibility. Backported the Python 2.6 updates to
``site.py``, including `user directories
<http://docs.python.org/dev/whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-370-per-user-site-packages-directory>`_
(this means older versions of Python will support user directories,
whether intended or not).
* Always set ``[install] prefix`` in ``distutils.cfg`` -- previously
on some platforms where a system-wide ``distutils.cfg`` was present
with a ``prefix`` setting, packages would be installed globally
(usually in ``/usr/local/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages``).
* Sometimes Cygwin seems to leave ``.exe`` off ``sys.executable``; a
workaround is added.
* Fix ``--python`` option.
* Fixed handling of Jython environments that use a
jython-complete.jar.
1.3
~~~
* Update to Setuptools 0.6c9
* Added an option ``virtualenv --relocatable EXISTING_ENV``, which
will make an existing environment "relocatable" -- the paths will
not be absolute in scripts, ``.egg-info`` and ``.pth`` files. This
may assist in building environments that can be moved and copied.
You have to run this *after* any new packages installed.
* Added ``bin/activate_this.py``, a file you can use like
``execfile("path_to/activate_this.py",
dict(__file__="path_to/activate_this.py"))`` -- this will activate
the environment in place, similar to what `the mod_wsgi example
does <http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/VirtualEnvironments>`_.
* For Mac framework builds of Python, the site-packages directory
``/Library/Python/X.Y/site-packages`` is added to ``sys.path``, from
Andrea Rech.
* Some platform-specific modules in Macs are added to the path now
(``plat-darwin/``, ``plat-mac/``, ``plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages``),
from Andrea Rech.
* Fixed a small Bashism in the ``bin/activate`` shell script.
* Added ``__future__`` to the list of required modules, for Python
2.3. You'll still need to backport your own ``subprocess`` module.
* Fixed the ``__classpath__`` entry in Jython's ``sys.path`` taking
precedent over virtualenv's libs.
1.2
~~~
* Added a ``--python`` option to select the Python interpreter.
* Add ``warnings`` to the modules copied over, for Python 2.6 support.
* Add ``sets`` to the module copied over for Python 2.3 (though Python
2.3 still probably doesn't work).
1.1.1
~~~~~
* Added support for Jython 2.5.
1.1
~~~
* Added support for Python 2.6.
* Fix a problem with missing ``DLLs/zlib.pyd`` on Windows. Create
* ``bin/python`` (or ``bin/python.exe``) even when you run virtualenv
with an interpreter named, e.g., ``python2.4``
* Fix MacPorts Python
* Added --unzip-setuptools option
* Update to Setuptools 0.6c8
* If the current directory is not writable, run ez_setup.py in ``/tmp``
* Copy or symlink over the ``include`` directory so that packages will
more consistently compile.
1.0
~~~
* Fix build on systems that use ``/usr/lib64``, distinct from
``/usr/lib`` (specifically CentOS x64).
* Fixed bug in ``--clear``.
* Fixed typos in ``deactivate.bat``.
* Preserve ``$PYTHONPATH`` when calling subprocesses.
0.9.2
~~~~~
* Fix include dir copying on Windows (makes compiling possible).
* Include the main ``lib-tk`` in the path.
* Patch ``distutils.sysconfig``: ``get_python_inc`` and
``get_python_lib`` to point to the global locations.
* Install ``distutils.cfg`` before Setuptools, so that system
customizations of ``distutils.cfg`` won't effect the installation.
* Add ``bin/pythonX.Y`` to the virtualenv (in addition to
``bin/python``).
* Fixed an issue with Mac Framework Python builds, and absolute paths
(from Ronald Oussoren).
0.9.1
~~~~~
* Improve ability to create a virtualenv from inside a virtualenv.
* Fix a little bug in ``bin/activate``.
* Actually get ``distutils.cfg`` to work reliably.
0.9
~~~
* Added ``lib-dynload`` and ``config`` to things that need to be
copied over in an environment.
* Copy over or symlink the ``include`` directory, so that you can
build packages that need the C headers.
* Include a ``distutils`` package, so you can locally update
``distutils.cfg`` (in ``lib/pythonX.Y/distutils/distutils.cfg``).
* Better avoid downloading Setuptools, and hitting PyPI on environment
creation.
* Fix a problem creating a ``lib64/`` directory.
* Should work on MacOSX Framework builds (the default Python
installations on Mac). Thanks to Ronald Oussoren.
0.8.4
~~~~~
* Windows installs would sometimes give errors about ``sys.prefix`` that
were inaccurate.
* Slightly prettier output.
0.8.3
~~~~~
* Added support for Windows.
0.8.2
~~~~~
* Give a better warning if you are on an unsupported platform (Mac
Framework Pythons, and Windows).
* Give error about running while inside a workingenv.
* Give better error message about Python 2.3.
0.8.1
~~~~~
Fixed packaging of the library.
0.8
~~~
Initial release. Everything is changed and new!
#!/usr/bin/env python
import virtualenv
virtualenv.main()
[egg_info]
tag_build =
tag_date = 0
tag_svn_revision = 0
import os
import re
import shutil
import sys
try:
from setuptools import setup
setup_params = {
'entry_points': {
'console_scripts': [
'virtualenv=virtualenv:main',
'virtualenv-%s.%s=virtualenv:main' % sys.version_info[:2]
],
},
'zip_safe': False,
'test_suite': 'nose.collector',
'tests_require': ['nose', 'Mock'],
}
except ImportError:
from distutils.core import setup
if sys.platform == 'win32':
print('Note: without Setuptools installed you will have to use "python -m virtualenv ENV"')
setup_params = {}
else:
script = 'scripts/virtualenv'
script_ver = script + '-%s.%s' % sys.version_info[:2]
shutil.copy(script, script_ver)
setup_params = {'scripts': [script, script_ver]}
here = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
## Get long_description from index.txt:
f = open(os.path.join(here, 'docs', 'index.txt'))
long_description = f.read().strip()
long_description = long_description.split('split here', 1)[1]
f.close()
f = open(os.path.join(here, 'docs', 'news.txt'))
long_description += "\n\n" + f.read()
f.close()
def get_version():
f = open(os.path.join(here, 'virtualenv.py'))
version_file = f.read()
f.close()
version_match = re.search(r"^__version__ = ['\"]([^'\"]*)['\"]",
version_file, re.M)
if version_match:
return version_match.group(1)
raise RuntimeError("Unable to find version string.")
# Hack to prevent stupid TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable error on
# exit of python setup.py test # in multiprocessing/util.py _exit_function when
# running python setup.py test (see
# http://www.eby-sarna.com/pipermail/peak/2010-May/003357.html)
try:
import multiprocessing
except ImportError:
pass
setup(
name='virtualenv',
# If you change the version here, change it in virtualenv.py and
# docs/conf.py as well
version=get_version(),
description="Virtual Python Environment builder",
long_description=long_description,
classifiers=[
'Development Status :: 4 - Beta',
'Intended Audience :: Developers',
'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
'Programming Language :: Python :: 2',
'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.5',
'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6',
'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.1',
'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.2',
],
keywords='setuptools deployment installation distutils',
author='Ian Bicking',
author_email='ianb@colorstudy.com',
maintainer='Jannis Leidel, Carl Meyer and Brian Rosner',
maintainer_email='python-virtualenv@groups.google.com',
url='http://www.virtualenv.org',
license='MIT',
py_modules=['virtualenv'],
packages=['virtualenv_support'],
package_data={'virtualenv_support': ['*-py%s.egg' % sys.version[:3], '*.tar.gz']},
**setup_params)
This source diff could not be displayed because it is too large. You can view the blob instead.
@echo off
set VIRTUAL_ENV=__VIRTUAL_ENV__
if not defined PROMPT (
set PROMPT=$P$G
)
if defined _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT (
set PROMPT=%_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT%
)
if defined _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME (
set PYTHONHOME=%_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME%
)
set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT=%PROMPT%
set PROMPT=__VIRTUAL_WINPROMPT__ %PROMPT%
if defined PYTHONHOME (
set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME=%PYTHONHOME%
set PYTHONHOME=
)
if defined _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH set PATH=%_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH%; goto SKIPPATH
set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH=%PATH%
:SKIPPATH
set PATH=%VIRTUAL_ENV%\__BIN_NAME__;%PATH%
:END
# This file must be used with "source bin/activate.csh" *from csh*.
# You cannot run it directly.
# Created by Davide Di Blasi <davidedb@gmail.com>.
alias deactivate 'test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH != 0 && setenv PATH "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH; rehash; test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT != 0 && set prompt="$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT; unsetenv VIRTUAL_ENV; test "\!:*" != "nondestructive" && unalias deactivate && unalias pydoc'
# Unset irrelevant variables.
deactivate nondestructive
setenv VIRTUAL_ENV "__VIRTUAL_ENV__"
set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
setenv PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/__BIN_NAME__:$PATH"
set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT="$prompt"
if ("__VIRTUAL_PROMPT__" != "") then
set env_name = "__VIRTUAL_PROMPT__"
else
if (`basename "$VIRTUAL_ENV"` == "__") then
# special case for Aspen magic directories
# see http://www.zetadev.com/software/aspen/
set env_name = `basename \`dirname "$VIRTUAL_ENV"\``
else
set env_name = `basename "$VIRTUAL_ENV"`
endif
endif
set prompt = "[$env_name] $prompt"
unset env_name
alias pydoc python -m pydoc
rehash
# This file must be used with ". bin/activate.fish" *from fish* (http://fishshell.org)
# you cannot run it directly
function deactivate -d "Exit virtualenv and return to normal shell environment"
# reset old environment variables
if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH"
set -gx PATH $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
end
if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME"
set -gx PYTHONHOME $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
end
if test -n "$_OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE"
functions -e fish_prompt
set -e _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE
. ( begin
printf "function fish_prompt\n\t#"
functions _old_fish_prompt
end | psub )
functions -e _old_fish_prompt
end
set -e VIRTUAL_ENV
if test "$argv[1]" != "nondestructive"
# Self destruct!
functions -e deactivate
end
end
# unset irrelevant variables
deactivate nondestructive
set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV "__VIRTUAL_ENV__"
set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH $PATH
set -gx PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/__BIN_NAME__" $PATH
# unset PYTHONHOME if set
if set -q PYTHONHOME
set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME $PYTHONHOME
set -e PYTHONHOME
end
if test -z "$VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT"
# fish uses a function instead of an env var to generate the prompt.
# save the current fish_prompt function as the function _old_fish_prompt
. ( begin
printf "function _old_fish_prompt\n\t#"
functions fish_prompt
end | psub )
# with the original prompt function renamed, we can override with our own.
function fish_prompt
# Prompt override?
if test -n "__VIRTUAL_PROMPT__"
printf "%s%s%s" "__VIRTUAL_PROMPT__" (set_color normal) (_old_fish_prompt)
return
end
# ...Otherwise, prepend env
set -l _checkbase (basename "$VIRTUAL_ENV")
if test $_checkbase = "__"
# special case for Aspen magic directories
# see http://www.zetadev.com/software/aspen/
printf "%s[%s]%s %s" (set_color -b blue white) (basename (dirname "$VIRTUAL_ENV")) (set_color normal) (_old_fish_prompt)
else
printf "%s(%s)%s%s" (set_color -b blue white) (basename "$VIRTUAL_ENV") (set_color normal) (_old_fish_prompt)
end
end
set -gx _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE "$VIRTUAL_ENV"
end
# This file must be dot sourced from PoSh; you cannot run it
# directly. Do this: . ./activate.ps1
# FIXME: clean up unused vars.
$script:THIS_PATH = $myinvocation.mycommand.path
$script:BASE_DIR = split-path (resolve-path "$THIS_PATH/..") -Parent
$script:DIR_NAME = split-path $BASE_DIR -Leaf
function global:deactivate ( [switch] $NonDestructive ){
if ( test-path variable:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH ) {
$env:PATH = $variable:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
remove-variable "_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH" -scope global
}
if ( test-path function:_old_virtual_prompt ) {
$function:prompt = $function:_old_virtual_prompt
remove-item function:\_old_virtual_prompt
}
if ($env:VIRTUAL_ENV) {
$old_env = split-path $env:VIRTUAL_ENV -leaf
remove-item env:VIRTUAL_ENV -erroraction silentlycontinue
}
if ( !$NonDestructive ) {
# Self destruct!
remove-item function:deactivate
}
}
# unset irrelevant variables
deactivate -nondestructive
$VIRTUAL_ENV = $BASE_DIR
$env:VIRTUAL_ENV = $VIRTUAL_ENV
$global:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH = $env:PATH
$env:PATH = "$env:VIRTUAL_ENV/Scripts;" + $env:PATH
function global:_old_virtual_prompt { "" }
$function:_old_virtual_prompt = $function:prompt
function global:prompt {
# Add a prefix to the current prompt, but don't discard it.
write-host "($(split-path $env:VIRTUAL_ENV -leaf)) " -nonewline
& $function:_old_virtual_prompt
}
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# SIG # End signature block
# This file must be used with "source bin/activate" *from bash*
# you cannot run it directly
deactivate () {
unset pydoc
# reset old environment variables
if [ -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH" ] ; then
PATH="$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH"
export PATH
unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
fi
if [ -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME" ] ; then
PYTHONHOME="$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME"
export PYTHONHOME
unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
fi
# This should detect bash and zsh, which have a hash command that must
# be called to get it to forget past commands. Without forgetting
# past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
if [ -n "$BASH" -o -n "$ZSH_VERSION" ] ; then
hash -r 2>/dev/null
fi
if [ -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1" ] ; then
PS1="$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1"
export PS1
unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1
fi
unset VIRTUAL_ENV
if [ ! "$1" = "nondestructive" ] ; then
# Self destruct!
unset -f deactivate
fi
}
# unset irrelevant variables
deactivate nondestructive
VIRTUAL_ENV="__VIRTUAL_ENV__"
export VIRTUAL_ENV
_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
PATH="$VIRTUAL_ENV/__BIN_NAME__:$PATH"
export PATH
# unset PYTHONHOME if set
# this will fail if PYTHONHOME is set to the empty string (which is bad anyway)
# could use `if (set -u; : $PYTHONHOME) ;` in bash
if [ -n "$PYTHONHOME" ] ; then
_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME="$PYTHONHOME"
unset PYTHONHOME
fi
if [ -z "$VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT" ] ; then
_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1="$PS1"
if [ "x__VIRTUAL_PROMPT__" != x ] ; then
PS1="__VIRTUAL_PROMPT__$PS1"
else
if [ "`basename \"$VIRTUAL_ENV\"`" = "__" ] ; then
# special case for Aspen magic directories
# see http://www.zetadev.com/software/aspen/
PS1="[`basename \`dirname \"$VIRTUAL_ENV\"\``] $PS1"
else
PS1="(`basename \"$VIRTUAL_ENV\"`)$PS1"
fi
fi
export PS1
fi
alias pydoc="python -m pydoc"
# This should detect bash and zsh, which have a hash command that must
# be called to get it to forget past commands. Without forgetting
# past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
if [ -n "$BASH" -o -n "$ZSH_VERSION" ] ; then
hash -r 2>/dev/null
fi
"""By using execfile(this_file, dict(__file__=this_file)) you will
activate this virtualenv environment.
This can be used when you must use an existing Python interpreter, not
the virtualenv bin/python
"""
try:
__file__
except NameError:
raise AssertionError(
"You must run this like execfile('path/to/activate_this.py', dict(__file__='path/to/activate_this.py'))")
import sys
import os
old_os_path = os.environ['PATH']
os.environ['PATH'] = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + os.pathsep + old_os_path
base = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
if sys.platform == 'win32':
site_packages = os.path.join(base, 'Lib', 'site-packages')
else:
site_packages = os.path.join(base, 'lib', 'python%s' % sys.version[:3], 'site-packages')
prev_sys_path = list(sys.path)
import site
site.addsitedir(site_packages)
sys.real_prefix = sys.prefix
sys.prefix = base
# Move the added items to the front of the path:
new_sys_path = []
for item in list(sys.path):
if item not in prev_sys_path:
new_sys_path.append(item)
sys.path.remove(item)
sys.path[:0] = new_sys_path
@echo off
if defined _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT (
set PROMPT=%_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT%
)
set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT=
if defined _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME (
set PYTHONHOME=%_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME%
set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME=
)
if defined _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH set PATH=%_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH%
set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH=
:END
#!python
"""Bootstrap distribute installation
If you want to use setuptools in your package's setup.py, just include this
file in the same directory with it, and add this to the top of your setup.py::
from distribute_setup import use_setuptools
use_setuptools()
If you want to require a specific version of setuptools, set a download
mirror, or use an alternate download directory, you can do so by supplying
the appropriate options to ``use_setuptools()``.
This file can also be run as a script to install or upgrade setuptools.
"""
import os
import shutil
import sys
import time
import fnmatch
import tempfile
import tarfile
from distutils import log
try:
from site import USER_SITE
except ImportError:
USER_SITE = None
try:
import subprocess
def _python_cmd(*args):
args = (sys.executable,) + args
return subprocess.call(args) == 0
except ImportError:
# will be used for python 2.3
def _python_cmd(*args):
args = (sys.executable,) + args
# quoting arguments if windows
if sys.platform == 'win32':
def quote(arg):
if ' ' in arg:
return '"%s"' % arg
return arg
args = [quote(arg) for arg in args]
return os.spawnl(os.P_WAIT, sys.executable, *args) == 0
DEFAULT_VERSION = "0.6.28"
DEFAULT_URL = "http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/"
SETUPTOOLS_FAKED_VERSION = "0.6c11"
SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO = """\
Metadata-Version: 1.0
Name: setuptools
Version: %s
Summary: xxxx
Home-page: xxx
Author: xxx
Author-email: xxx
License: xxx
Description: xxx
""" % SETUPTOOLS_FAKED_VERSION
def _install(tarball, install_args=()):
# extracting the tarball
tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
old_wd = os.getcwd()
try:
os.chdir(tmpdir)
tar = tarfile.open(tarball)
_extractall(tar)
tar.close()
# going in the directory
subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
os.chdir(subdir)
log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir)
# installing
log.warn('Installing Distribute')
if not _python_cmd('setup.py', 'install', *install_args):
log.warn('Something went wrong during the installation.')
log.warn('See the error message above.')
finally:
os.chdir(old_wd)
shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
def _build_egg(egg, tarball, to_dir):
# extracting the tarball
tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
old_wd = os.getcwd()
try:
os.chdir(tmpdir)
tar = tarfile.open(tarball)
_extractall(tar)
tar.close()
# going in the directory
subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
os.chdir(subdir)
log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir)
# building an egg
log.warn('Building a Distribute egg in %s', to_dir)
_python_cmd('setup.py', '-q', 'bdist_egg', '--dist-dir', to_dir)
finally:
os.chdir(old_wd)
shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
# returning the result
log.warn(egg)
if not os.path.exists(egg):
raise IOError('Could not build the egg.')
def _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay):
egg = os.path.join(to_dir, 'distribute-%s-py%d.%d.egg'
% (version, sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1]))
if not os.path.exists(egg):
tarball = download_setuptools(version, download_base,
to_dir, download_delay)
_build_egg(egg, tarball, to_dir)
sys.path.insert(0, egg)
import setuptools
setuptools.bootstrap_install_from = egg
def use_setuptools(version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,
to_dir=os.curdir, download_delay=15, no_fake=True):
# making sure we use the absolute path
to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)
was_imported = 'pkg_resources' in sys.modules or \
'setuptools' in sys.modules
try:
try:
import pkg_resources
if not hasattr(pkg_resources, '_distribute'):
if not no_fake:
_fake_setuptools()
raise ImportError
except ImportError:
return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay)
try:
pkg_resources.require("distribute>=" + version)
return
except pkg_resources.VersionConflict:
e = sys.exc_info()[1]
if was_imported:
sys.stderr.write(
"The required version of distribute (>=%s) is not available,\n"
"and can't be installed while this script is running. Please\n"
"install a more recent version first, using\n"
"'easy_install -U distribute'."
"\n\n(Currently using %r)\n" % (version, e.args[0]))
sys.exit(2)
else:
del pkg_resources, sys.modules['pkg_resources'] # reload ok
return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir,
download_delay)
except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound:
return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir,
download_delay)
finally:
if not no_fake:
_create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info(to_dir)
def download_setuptools(version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,
to_dir=os.curdir, delay=15):
"""Download distribute from a specified location and return its filename
`version` should be a valid distribute version number that is available
as an egg for download under the `download_base` URL (which should end
with a '/'). `to_dir` is the directory where the egg will be downloaded.
`delay` is the number of seconds to pause before an actual download
attempt.
"""
# making sure we use the absolute path
to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)
try:
from urllib.request import urlopen
except ImportError:
from urllib2 import urlopen
tgz_name = "distribute-%s.tar.gz" % version
url = download_base + tgz_name
saveto = os.path.join(to_dir, tgz_name)
src = dst = None
if not os.path.exists(saveto): # Avoid repeated downloads
try:
log.warn("Downloading %s", url)
src = urlopen(url)
# Read/write all in one block, so we don't create a corrupt file
# if the download is interrupted.
data = src.read()
dst = open(saveto, "wb")
dst.write(data)
finally:
if src:
src.close()
if dst:
dst.close()
return os.path.realpath(saveto)
def _no_sandbox(function):
def __no_sandbox(*args, **kw):
try:
from setuptools.sandbox import DirectorySandbox
if not hasattr(DirectorySandbox, '_old'):
def violation(*args):
pass
DirectorySandbox._old = DirectorySandbox._violation
DirectorySandbox._violation = violation
patched = True
else:
patched = False
except ImportError:
patched = False
try:
return function(*args, **kw)
finally:
if patched:
DirectorySandbox._violation = DirectorySandbox._old
del DirectorySandbox._old
return __no_sandbox
def _patch_file(path, content):
"""Will backup the file then patch it"""
existing_content = open(path).read()
if existing_content == content:
# already patched
log.warn('Already patched.')
return False
log.warn('Patching...')
_rename_path(path)
f = open(path, 'w')
try:
f.write(content)
finally:
f.close()
return True
_patch_file = _no_sandbox(_patch_file)
def _same_content(path, content):
return open(path).read() == content
def _rename_path(path):
new_name = path + '.OLD.%s' % time.time()
log.warn('Renaming %s into %s', path, new_name)
os.rename(path, new_name)
return new_name
def _remove_flat_installation(placeholder):
if not os.path.isdir(placeholder):
log.warn('Unkown installation at %s', placeholder)
return False
found = False
for file in os.listdir(placeholder):
if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, 'setuptools*.egg-info'):
found = True
break
if not found:
log.warn('Could not locate setuptools*.egg-info')
return
log.warn('Removing elements out of the way...')
pkg_info = os.path.join(placeholder, file)
if os.path.isdir(pkg_info):
patched = _patch_egg_dir(pkg_info)
else:
patched = _patch_file(pkg_info, SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO)
if not patched:
log.warn('%s already patched.', pkg_info)
return False
# now let's move the files out of the way
for element in ('setuptools', 'pkg_resources.py', 'site.py'):
element = os.path.join(placeholder, element)
if os.path.exists(element):
_rename_path(element)
else:
log.warn('Could not find the %s element of the '
'Setuptools distribution', element)
return True
_remove_flat_installation = _no_sandbox(_remove_flat_installation)
def _after_install(dist):
log.warn('After install bootstrap.')
placeholder = dist.get_command_obj('install').install_purelib
_create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info(placeholder)
def _create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info(placeholder):
if not placeholder or not os.path.exists(placeholder):
log.warn('Could not find the install location')
return
pyver = '%s.%s' % (sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1])
setuptools_file = 'setuptools-%s-py%s.egg-info' % \
(SETUPTOOLS_FAKED_VERSION, pyver)
pkg_info = os.path.join(placeholder, setuptools_file)
if os.path.exists(pkg_info):
log.warn('%s already exists', pkg_info)
return
if not os.access(pkg_info, os.W_OK):
log.warn("Don't have permissions to write %s, skipping", pkg_info)
log.warn('Creating %s', pkg_info)
f = open(pkg_info, 'w')
try:
f.write(SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO)
finally:
f.close()
pth_file = os.path.join(placeholder, 'setuptools.pth')
log.warn('Creating %s', pth_file)
f = open(pth_file, 'w')
try:
f.write(os.path.join(os.curdir, setuptools_file))
finally:
f.close()
_create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info = _no_sandbox(
_create_fake_setuptools_pkg_info
)
def _patch_egg_dir(path):
# let's check if it's already patched
pkg_info = os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO', 'PKG-INFO')
if os.path.exists(pkg_info):
if _same_content(pkg_info, SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO):
log.warn('%s already patched.', pkg_info)
return False
_rename_path(path)
os.mkdir(path)
os.mkdir(os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO'))
pkg_info = os.path.join(path, 'EGG-INFO', 'PKG-INFO')
f = open(pkg_info, 'w')
try:
f.write(SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO)
finally:
f.close()
return True
_patch_egg_dir = _no_sandbox(_patch_egg_dir)
def _before_install():
log.warn('Before install bootstrap.')
_fake_setuptools()
def _under_prefix(location):
if 'install' not in sys.argv:
return True
args = sys.argv[sys.argv.index('install') + 1:]
for index, arg in enumerate(args):
for option in ('--root', '--prefix'):
if arg.startswith('%s=' % option):
top_dir = arg.split('root=')[-1]
return location.startswith(top_dir)
elif arg == option:
if len(args) > index:
top_dir = args[index + 1]
return location.startswith(top_dir)
if arg == '--user' and USER_SITE is not None:
return location.startswith(USER_SITE)
return True
def _fake_setuptools():
log.warn('Scanning installed packages')
try:
import pkg_resources
except ImportError:
# we're cool
log.warn('Setuptools or Distribute does not seem to be installed.')
return
ws = pkg_resources.working_set
try:
setuptools_dist = ws.find(
pkg_resources.Requirement.parse('setuptools', replacement=False)
)
except TypeError:
# old distribute API
setuptools_dist = ws.find(
pkg_resources.Requirement.parse('setuptools')
)
if setuptools_dist is None:
log.warn('No setuptools distribution found')
return
# detecting if it was already faked
setuptools_location = setuptools_dist.location
log.warn('Setuptools installation detected at %s', setuptools_location)
# if --root or --preix was provided, and if
# setuptools is not located in them, we don't patch it
if not _under_prefix(setuptools_location):
log.warn('Not patching, --root or --prefix is installing Distribute'
' in another location')
return
# let's see if its an egg
if not setuptools_location.endswith('.egg'):
log.warn('Non-egg installation')
res = _remove_flat_installation(setuptools_location)
if not res:
return
else:
log.warn('Egg installation')
pkg_info = os.path.join(setuptools_location, 'EGG-INFO', 'PKG-INFO')
if (os.path.exists(pkg_info) and
_same_content(pkg_info, SETUPTOOLS_PKG_INFO)):
log.warn('Already patched.')
return
log.warn('Patching...')
# let's create a fake egg replacing setuptools one
res = _patch_egg_dir(setuptools_location)
if not res:
return
log.warn('Patched done.')
_relaunch()
def _relaunch():
log.warn('Relaunching...')
# we have to relaunch the process
# pip marker to avoid a relaunch bug
_cmd = ['-c', 'install', '--single-version-externally-managed']
if sys.argv[:3] == _cmd:
sys.argv[0] = 'setup.py'
args = [sys.executable] + sys.argv
sys.exit(subprocess.call(args))
def _extractall(self, path=".", members=None):
"""Extract all members from the archive to the current working
directory and set owner, modification time and permissions on
directories afterwards. `path' specifies a different directory
to extract to. `members' is optional and must be a subset of the
list returned by getmembers().
"""
import copy
import operator
from tarfile import ExtractError
directories = []
if members is None:
members = self
for tarinfo in members:
if tarinfo.isdir():
# Extract directories with a safe mode.
directories.append(tarinfo)
tarinfo = copy.copy(tarinfo)
tarinfo.mode = 448 # decimal for oct 0700
self.extract(tarinfo, path)
# Reverse sort directories.
if sys.version_info < (2, 4):
def sorter(dir1, dir2):
return cmp(dir1.name, dir2.name)
directories.sort(sorter)
directories.reverse()
else:
directories.sort(key=operator.attrgetter('name'), reverse=True)
# Set correct owner, mtime and filemode on directories.
for tarinfo in directories:
dirpath = os.path.join(path, tarinfo.name)
try:
self.chown(tarinfo, dirpath)
self.utime(tarinfo, dirpath)
self.chmod(tarinfo, dirpath)
except ExtractError:
e = sys.exc_info()[1]
if self.errorlevel > 1:
raise
else:
self._dbg(1, "tarfile: %s" % e)
def _build_install_args(argv):
install_args = []
user_install = '--user' in argv
if user_install and sys.version_info < (2, 6):
log.warn("--user requires Python 2.6 or later")
raise SystemExit(1)
if user_install:
install_args.append('--user')
return install_args
def main(argv, version=DEFAULT_VERSION):
"""Install or upgrade setuptools and EasyInstall"""
tarball = download_setuptools()
_install(tarball, _build_install_args(argv))
if __name__ == '__main__':
main(sys.argv[1:])
import os
import sys
import warnings
import imp
import opcode # opcode is not a virtualenv module, so we can use it to find the stdlib
# Important! To work on pypy, this must be a module that resides in the
# lib-python/modified-x.y.z directory
dirname = os.path.dirname
distutils_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(opcode.__file__), 'distutils')
if os.path.normpath(distutils_path) == os.path.dirname(os.path.normpath(__file__)):
warnings.warn(
"The virtualenv distutils package at %s appears to be in the same location as the system distutils?")
else:
__path__.insert(0, distutils_path)
real_distutils = imp.load_module("_virtualenv_distutils", None, distutils_path, ('', '', imp.PKG_DIRECTORY))
# Copy the relevant attributes
try:
__revision__ = real_distutils.__revision__
except AttributeError:
pass
__version__ = real_distutils.__version__
from distutils import dist, sysconfig
try:
basestring
except NameError:
basestring = str
## patch build_ext (distutils doesn't know how to get the libs directory
## path on windows - it hardcodes the paths around the patched sys.prefix)
if sys.platform == 'win32':
from distutils.command.build_ext import build_ext as old_build_ext
class build_ext(old_build_ext):
def finalize_options (self):
if self.library_dirs is None:
self.library_dirs = []
elif isinstance(self.library_dirs, basestring):
self.library_dirs = self.library_dirs.split(os.pathsep)
self.library_dirs.insert(0, os.path.join(sys.real_prefix, "Libs"))
old_build_ext.finalize_options(self)
from distutils.command import build_ext as build_ext_module
build_ext_module.build_ext = build_ext
## distutils.dist patches:
old_find_config_files = dist.Distribution.find_config_files
def find_config_files(self):
found = old_find_config_files(self)
system_distutils = os.path.join(distutils_path, 'distutils.cfg')
#if os.path.exists(system_distutils):
# found.insert(0, system_distutils)
# What to call the per-user config file
if os.name == 'posix':
user_filename = ".pydistutils.cfg"
else:
user_filename = "pydistutils.cfg"
user_filename = os.path.join(sys.prefix, user_filename)
if os.path.isfile(user_filename):
for item in list(found):
if item.endswith('pydistutils.cfg'):
found.remove(item)
found.append(user_filename)
return found
dist.Distribution.find_config_files = find_config_files
## distutils.sysconfig patches:
old_get_python_inc = sysconfig.get_python_inc
def sysconfig_get_python_inc(plat_specific=0, prefix=None):
if prefix is None:
prefix = sys.real_prefix
return old_get_python_inc(plat_specific, prefix)
sysconfig_get_python_inc.__doc__ = old_get_python_inc.__doc__
sysconfig.get_python_inc = sysconfig_get_python_inc
old_get_python_lib = sysconfig.get_python_lib
def sysconfig_get_python_lib(plat_specific=0, standard_lib=0, prefix=None):
if standard_lib and prefix is None:
prefix = sys.real_prefix
return old_get_python_lib(plat_specific, standard_lib, prefix)
sysconfig_get_python_lib.__doc__ = old_get_python_lib.__doc__
sysconfig.get_python_lib = sysconfig_get_python_lib
old_get_config_vars = sysconfig.get_config_vars
def sysconfig_get_config_vars(*args):
real_vars = old_get_config_vars(*args)
if sys.platform == 'win32':
lib_dir = os.path.join(sys.real_prefix, "libs")
if isinstance(real_vars, dict) and 'LIBDIR' not in real_vars:
real_vars['LIBDIR'] = lib_dir # asked for all
elif isinstance(real_vars, list) and 'LIBDIR' in args:
real_vars = real_vars + [lib_dir] # asked for list
return real_vars
sysconfig_get_config_vars.__doc__ = old_get_config_vars.__doc__
sysconfig.get_config_vars = sysconfig_get_config_vars
# This is a config file local to this virtualenv installation
# You may include options that will be used by all distutils commands,
# and by easy_install. For instance:
#
# [easy_install]
# find_links = http://mylocalsite
#!python
"""Bootstrap setuptools installation
If you want to use setuptools in your package's setup.py, just include this
file in the same directory with it, and add this to the top of your setup.py::
from ez_setup import use_setuptools
use_setuptools()
If you want to require a specific version of setuptools, set a download
mirror, or use an alternate download directory, you can do so by supplying
the appropriate options to ``use_setuptools()``.
This file can also be run as a script to install or upgrade setuptools.
"""
import sys
DEFAULT_VERSION = "0.6c11"
DEFAULT_URL = "http://pypi.python.org/packages/%s/s/setuptools/" % sys.version[:3]
md5_data = {
'setuptools-0.6b1-py2.3.egg': '8822caf901250d848b996b7f25c6e6ca',
'setuptools-0.6b1-py2.4.egg': 'b79a8a403e4502fbb85ee3f1941735cb',
'setuptools-0.6b2-py2.3.egg': '5657759d8a6d8fc44070a9d07272d99b',
'setuptools-0.6b2-py2.4.egg': '4996a8d169d2be661fa32a6e52e4f82a',
'setuptools-0.6b3-py2.3.egg': 'bb31c0fc7399a63579975cad9f5a0618',
'setuptools-0.6b3-py2.4.egg': '38a8c6b3d6ecd22247f179f7da669fac',
'setuptools-0.6b4-py2.3.egg': '62045a24ed4e1ebc77fe039aa4e6f7e5',
'setuptools-0.6b4-py2.4.egg': '4cb2a185d228dacffb2d17f103b3b1c4',
'setuptools-0.6c1-py2.3.egg': 'b3f2b5539d65cb7f74ad79127f1a908c',
'setuptools-0.6c1-py2.4.egg': 'b45adeda0667d2d2ffe14009364f2a4b',
'setuptools-0.6c10-py2.3.egg': 'ce1e2ab5d3a0256456d9fc13800a7090',
'setuptools-0.6c10-py2.4.egg': '57d6d9d6e9b80772c59a53a8433a5dd4',
'setuptools-0.6c10-py2.5.egg': 'de46ac8b1c97c895572e5e8596aeb8c7',
'setuptools-0.6c10-py2.6.egg': '58ea40aef06da02ce641495523a0b7f5',
'setuptools-0.6c11-py2.3.egg': '2baeac6e13d414a9d28e7ba5b5a596de',
'setuptools-0.6c11-py2.4.egg': 'bd639f9b0eac4c42497034dec2ec0c2b',
'setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg': '64c94f3bf7a72a13ec83e0b24f2749b2',
'setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg': 'bfa92100bd772d5a213eedd356d64086',
'setuptools-0.6c2-py2.3.egg': 'f0064bf6aa2b7d0f3ba0b43f20817c27',
'setuptools-0.6c2-py2.4.egg': '616192eec35f47e8ea16cd6a122b7277',
'setuptools-0.6c3-py2.3.egg': 'f181fa125dfe85a259c9cd6f1d7b78fa',
'setuptools-0.6c3-py2.4.egg': 'e0ed74682c998bfb73bf803a50e7b71e',
'setuptools-0.6c3-py2.5.egg': 'abef16fdd61955514841c7c6bd98965e',
'setuptools-0.6c4-py2.3.egg': 'b0b9131acab32022bfac7f44c5d7971f',
'setuptools-0.6c4-py2.4.egg': '2a1f9656d4fbf3c97bf946c0a124e6e2',
'setuptools-0.6c4-py2.5.egg': '8f5a052e32cdb9c72bcf4b5526f28afc',
'setuptools-0.6c5-py2.3.egg': 'ee9fd80965da04f2f3e6b3576e9d8167',
'setuptools-0.6c5-py2.4.egg': 'afe2adf1c01701ee841761f5bcd8aa64',
'setuptools-0.6c5-py2.5.egg': 'a8d3f61494ccaa8714dfed37bccd3d5d',
'setuptools-0.6c6-py2.3.egg': '35686b78116a668847237b69d549ec20',
'setuptools-0.6c6-py2.4.egg': '3c56af57be3225019260a644430065ab',
'setuptools-0.6c6-py2.5.egg': 'b2f8a7520709a5b34f80946de5f02f53',
'setuptools-0.6c7-py2.3.egg': '209fdf9adc3a615e5115b725658e13e2',
'setuptools-0.6c7-py2.4.egg': '5a8f954807d46a0fb67cf1f26c55a82e',
'setuptools-0.6c7-py2.5.egg': '45d2ad28f9750e7434111fde831e8372',
'setuptools-0.6c8-py2.3.egg': '50759d29b349db8cfd807ba8303f1902',
'setuptools-0.6c8-py2.4.egg': 'cba38d74f7d483c06e9daa6070cce6de',
'setuptools-0.6c8-py2.5.egg': '1721747ee329dc150590a58b3e1ac95b',
'setuptools-0.6c9-py2.3.egg': 'a83c4020414807b496e4cfbe08507c03',
'setuptools-0.6c9-py2.4.egg': '260a2be2e5388d66bdaee06abec6342a',
'setuptools-0.6c9-py2.5.egg': 'fe67c3e5a17b12c0e7c541b7ea43a8e6',
'setuptools-0.6c9-py2.6.egg': 'ca37b1ff16fa2ede6e19383e7b59245a',
}
import sys, os
try: from hashlib import md5
except ImportError: from md5 import md5
def _validate_md5(egg_name, data):
if egg_name in md5_data:
digest = md5(data).hexdigest()
if digest != md5_data[egg_name]:
print >>sys.stderr, (
"md5 validation of %s failed! (Possible download problem?)"
% egg_name
)
sys.exit(2)
return data
def use_setuptools(
version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL, to_dir=os.curdir,
download_delay=15
):
"""Automatically find/download setuptools and make it available on sys.path
`version` should be a valid setuptools version number that is available
as an egg for download under the `download_base` URL (which should end with
a '/'). `to_dir` is the directory where setuptools will be downloaded, if
it is not already available. If `download_delay` is specified, it should
be the number of seconds that will be paused before initiating a download,
should one be required. If an older version of setuptools is installed,
this routine will print a message to ``sys.stderr`` and raise SystemExit in
an attempt to abort the calling script.
"""
was_imported = 'pkg_resources' in sys.modules or 'setuptools' in sys.modules
def do_download():
egg = download_setuptools(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay)
sys.path.insert(0, egg)
import setuptools; setuptools.bootstrap_install_from = egg
try:
import pkg_resources
except ImportError:
return do_download()
try:
pkg_resources.require("setuptools>="+version); return
except pkg_resources.VersionConflict:
e = sys.exc_info()[1]
if was_imported:
print >>sys.stderr, (
"The required version of setuptools (>=%s) is not available, and\n"
"can't be installed while this script is running. Please install\n"
" a more recent version first, using 'easy_install -U setuptools'."
"\n\n(Currently using %r)"
) % (version, e.args[0])
sys.exit(2)
except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound:
pass
del pkg_resources, sys.modules['pkg_resources'] # reload ok
return do_download()
def download_setuptools(
version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL, to_dir=os.curdir,
delay = 15
):
"""Download setuptools from a specified location and return its filename
`version` should be a valid setuptools version number that is available
as an egg for download under the `download_base` URL (which should end
with a '/'). `to_dir` is the directory where the egg will be downloaded.
`delay` is the number of seconds to pause before an actual download attempt.
"""
import urllib2, shutil
egg_name = "setuptools-%s-py%s.egg" % (version,sys.version[:3])
url = download_base + egg_name
saveto = os.path.join(to_dir, egg_name)
src = dst = None
if not os.path.exists(saveto): # Avoid repeated downloads
try:
from distutils import log
if delay:
log.warn("""
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
This script requires setuptools version %s to run (even to display
help). I will attempt to download it for you (from
%s), but
you may need to enable firewall access for this script first.
I will start the download in %d seconds.
(Note: if this machine does not have network access, please obtain the file
%s
and place it in this directory before rerunning this script.)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------""",
version, download_base, delay, url
); from time import sleep; sleep(delay)
log.warn("Downloading %s", url)
src = urllib2.urlopen(url)
# Read/write all in one block, so we don't create a corrupt file
# if the download is interrupted.
data = _validate_md5(egg_name, src.read())
dst = open(saveto,"wb"); dst.write(data)
finally:
if src: src.close()
if dst: dst.close()
return os.path.realpath(saveto)
def main(argv, version=DEFAULT_VERSION):
"""Install or upgrade setuptools and EasyInstall"""
try:
import setuptools
except ImportError:
egg = None
try:
egg = download_setuptools(version, delay=0)
sys.path.insert(0,egg)
from setuptools.command.easy_install import main
return main(list(argv)+[egg]) # we're done here
finally:
if egg and os.path.exists(egg):
os.unlink(egg)
else:
if setuptools.__version__ == '0.0.1':
print >>sys.stderr, (
"You have an obsolete version of setuptools installed. Please\n"
"remove it from your system entirely before rerunning this script."
)
sys.exit(2)
req = "setuptools>="+version
import pkg_resources
try:
pkg_resources.require(req)
except pkg_resources.VersionConflict:
try:
from setuptools.command.easy_install import main
except ImportError:
from easy_install import main
main(list(argv)+[download_setuptools(delay=0)])
sys.exit(0) # try to force an exit
else:
if argv:
from setuptools.command.easy_install import main
main(argv)
else:
print("Setuptools version",version,"or greater has been installed.")
print('(Run "ez_setup.py -U setuptools" to reinstall or upgrade.)')
def update_md5(filenames):
"""Update our built-in md5 registry"""
import re
for name in filenames:
base = os.path.basename(name)
f = open(name,'rb')
md5_data[base] = md5(f.read()).hexdigest()
f.close()
data = [" %r: %r,\n" % it for it in md5_data.items()]
data.sort()
repl = "".join(data)
import inspect
srcfile = inspect.getsourcefile(sys.modules[__name__])
f = open(srcfile, 'rb'); src = f.read(); f.close()
match = re.search("\nmd5_data = {\n([^}]+)}", src)
if not match:
print >>sys.stderr, "Internal error!"
sys.exit(2)
src = src[:match.start(1)] + repl + src[match.end(1):]
f = open(srcfile,'w')
f.write(src)
f.close()
if __name__=='__main__':
if len(sys.argv)>2 and sys.argv[1]=='--md5update':
update_md5(sys.argv[2:])
else:
main(sys.argv[1:])
"""Append module search paths for third-party packages to sys.path.
****************************************************************
* This module is automatically imported during initialization. *
****************************************************************
In earlier versions of Python (up to 1.5a3), scripts or modules that
needed to use site-specific modules would place ``import site''
somewhere near the top of their code. Because of the automatic
import, this is no longer necessary (but code that does it still
works).
This will append site-specific paths to the module search path. On
Unix, it starts with sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix (if different) and
appends lib/python<version>/site-packages as well as lib/site-python.
It also supports the Debian convention of
lib/python<version>/dist-packages. On other platforms (mainly Mac and
Windows), it uses just sys.prefix (and sys.exec_prefix, if different,
but this is unlikely). The resulting directories, if they exist, are
appended to sys.path, and also inspected for path configuration files.
FOR DEBIAN, this sys.path is augmented with directories in /usr/local.
Local addons go into /usr/local/lib/python<version>/site-packages
(resp. /usr/local/lib/site-python), Debian addons install into
/usr/{lib,share}/python<version>/dist-packages.
A path configuration file is a file whose name has the form
<package>.pth; its contents are additional directories (one per line)
to be added to sys.path. Non-existing directories (or
non-directories) are never added to sys.path; no directory is added to
sys.path more than once. Blank lines and lines beginning with
'#' are skipped. Lines starting with 'import' are executed.
For example, suppose sys.prefix and sys.exec_prefix are set to
/usr/local and there is a directory /usr/local/lib/python2.X/site-packages
with three subdirectories, foo, bar and spam, and two path
configuration files, foo.pth and bar.pth. Assume foo.pth contains the
following:
# foo package configuration
foo
bar
bletch
and bar.pth contains:
# bar package configuration
bar
Then the following directories are added to sys.path, in this order:
/usr/local/lib/python2.X/site-packages/bar
/usr/local/lib/python2.X/site-packages/foo
Note that bletch is omitted because it doesn't exist; bar precedes foo
because bar.pth comes alphabetically before foo.pth; and spam is
omitted because it is not mentioned in either path configuration file.
After these path manipulations, an attempt is made to import a module
named sitecustomize, which can perform arbitrary additional
site-specific customizations. If this import fails with an
ImportError exception, it is silently ignored.
"""
import sys
import os
try:
import __builtin__ as builtins
except ImportError:
import builtins
try:
set
except NameError:
from sets import Set as set
# Prefixes for site-packages; add additional prefixes like /usr/local here
PREFIXES = [sys.prefix, sys.exec_prefix]
# Enable per user site-packages directory
# set it to False to disable the feature or True to force the feature
ENABLE_USER_SITE = None
# for distutils.commands.install
USER_SITE = None
USER_BASE = None
_is_pypy = hasattr(sys, 'pypy_version_info')
_is_jython = sys.platform[:4] == 'java'
if _is_jython:
ModuleType = type(os)
def makepath(*paths):
dir = os.path.join(*paths)
if _is_jython and (dir == '__classpath__' or
dir.startswith('__pyclasspath__')):
return dir, dir
dir = os.path.abspath(dir)
return dir, os.path.normcase(dir)
def abs__file__():
"""Set all module' __file__ attribute to an absolute path"""
for m in sys.modules.values():
if ((_is_jython and not isinstance(m, ModuleType)) or
hasattr(m, '__loader__')):
# only modules need the abspath in Jython. and don't mess
# with a PEP 302-supplied __file__
continue
f = getattr(m, '__file__', None)
if f is None:
continue
m.__file__ = os.path.abspath(f)
def removeduppaths():
""" Remove duplicate entries from sys.path along with making them
absolute"""
# This ensures that the initial path provided by the interpreter contains
# only absolute pathnames, even if we're running from the build directory.
L = []
known_paths = set()
for dir in sys.path:
# Filter out duplicate paths (on case-insensitive file systems also
# if they only differ in case); turn relative paths into absolute
# paths.
dir, dircase = makepath(dir)
if not dircase in known_paths:
L.append(dir)
known_paths.add(dircase)
sys.path[:] = L
return known_paths
# XXX This should not be part of site.py, since it is needed even when
# using the -S option for Python. See http://www.python.org/sf/586680
def addbuilddir():
"""Append ./build/lib.<platform> in case we're running in the build dir
(especially for Guido :-)"""
from distutils.util import get_platform
s = "build/lib.%s-%.3s" % (get_platform(), sys.version)
if hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount'):
s += '-pydebug'
s = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.path[-1]), s)
sys.path.append(s)
def _init_pathinfo():
"""Return a set containing all existing directory entries from sys.path"""
d = set()
for dir in sys.path:
try:
if os.path.isdir(dir):
dir, dircase = makepath(dir)
d.add(dircase)
except TypeError:
continue
return d
def addpackage(sitedir, name, known_paths):
"""Add a new path to known_paths by combining sitedir and 'name' or execute
sitedir if it starts with 'import'"""
if known_paths is None:
_init_pathinfo()
reset = 1
else:
reset = 0
fullname = os.path.join(sitedir, name)
try:
f = open(fullname, "rU")
except IOError:
return
try:
for line in f:
if line.startswith("#"):
continue
if line.startswith("import"):
exec(line)
continue
line = line.rstrip()
dir, dircase = makepath(sitedir, line)
if not dircase in known_paths and os.path.exists(dir):
sys.path.append(dir)
known_paths.add(dircase)
finally:
f.close()
if reset:
known_paths = None
return known_paths
def addsitedir(sitedir, known_paths=None):
"""Add 'sitedir' argument to sys.path if missing and handle .pth files in
'sitedir'"""
if known_paths is None:
known_paths = _init_pathinfo()
reset = 1
else:
reset = 0
sitedir, sitedircase = makepath(sitedir)
if not sitedircase in known_paths:
sys.path.append(sitedir) # Add path component
try:
names = os.listdir(sitedir)
except os.error:
return
names.sort()
for name in names:
if name.endswith(os.extsep + "pth"):
addpackage(sitedir, name, known_paths)
if reset:
known_paths = None
return known_paths
def addsitepackages(known_paths, sys_prefix=sys.prefix, exec_prefix=sys.exec_prefix):
"""Add site-packages (and possibly site-python) to sys.path"""
prefixes = [os.path.join(sys_prefix, "local"), sys_prefix]
if exec_prefix != sys_prefix:
prefixes.append(os.path.join(exec_prefix, "local"))
for prefix in prefixes:
if prefix:
if sys.platform in ('os2emx', 'riscos') or _is_jython:
sitedirs = [os.path.join(prefix, "Lib", "site-packages")]
elif _is_pypy:
sitedirs = [os.path.join(prefix, 'site-packages')]
elif sys.platform == 'darwin' and prefix == sys_prefix:
if prefix.startswith("/System/Library/Frameworks/"): # Apple's Python
sitedirs = [os.path.join("/Library/Python", sys.version[:3], "site-packages"),
os.path.join(prefix, "Extras", "lib", "python")]
else: # any other Python distros on OSX work this way
sitedirs = [os.path.join(prefix, "lib",
"python" + sys.version[:3], "site-packages")]
elif os.sep == '/':
sitedirs = [os.path.join(prefix,
"lib",
"python" + sys.version[:3],
"site-packages"),
os.path.join(prefix, "lib", "site-python"),
os.path.join(prefix, "python" + sys.version[:3], "lib-dynload")]
lib64_dir = os.path.join(prefix, "lib64", "python" + sys.version[:3], "site-packages")
if (os.path.exists(lib64_dir) and
os.path.realpath(lib64_dir) not in [os.path.realpath(p) for p in sitedirs]):
sitedirs.append(lib64_dir)
try:
# sys.getobjects only available in --with-pydebug build
sys.getobjects
sitedirs.insert(0, os.path.join(sitedirs[0], 'debug'))
except AttributeError:
pass
# Debian-specific dist-packages directories:
if sys.version[0] == '2':
sitedirs.append(os.path.join(prefix, "lib",
"python" + sys.version[:3],
"dist-packages"))
else:
sitedirs.append(os.path.join(prefix, "lib",
"python" + sys.version[0],
"dist-packages"))
sitedirs.append(os.path.join(prefix, "local/lib",
"python" + sys.version[:3],
"dist-packages"))
sitedirs.append(os.path.join(prefix, "lib", "dist-python"))
else:
sitedirs = [prefix, os.path.join(prefix, "lib", "site-packages")]
if sys.platform == 'darwin':
# for framework builds *only* we add the standard Apple
# locations. Currently only per-user, but /Library and
# /Network/Library could be added too
if 'Python.framework' in prefix:
home = os.environ.get('HOME')
if home:
sitedirs.append(
os.path.join(home,
'Library',
'Python',
sys.version[:3],
'site-packages'))
for sitedir in sitedirs:
if os.path.isdir(sitedir):
addsitedir(sitedir, known_paths)
return None
def check_enableusersite():
"""Check if user site directory is safe for inclusion
The function tests for the command line flag (including environment var),
process uid/gid equal to effective uid/gid.
None: Disabled for security reasons
False: Disabled by user (command line option)
True: Safe and enabled
"""
if hasattr(sys, 'flags') and getattr(sys.flags, 'no_user_site', False):
return False
if hasattr(os, "getuid") and hasattr(os, "geteuid"):
# check process uid == effective uid
if os.geteuid() != os.getuid():
return None
if hasattr(os, "getgid") and hasattr(os, "getegid"):
# check process gid == effective gid
if os.getegid() != os.getgid():
return None
return True
def addusersitepackages(known_paths):
"""Add a per user site-package to sys.path
Each user has its own python directory with site-packages in the
home directory.
USER_BASE is the root directory for all Python versions
USER_SITE is the user specific site-packages directory
USER_SITE/.. can be used for data.
"""
global USER_BASE, USER_SITE, ENABLE_USER_SITE
env_base = os.environ.get("PYTHONUSERBASE", None)
def joinuser(*args):
return os.path.expanduser(os.path.join(*args))
#if sys.platform in ('os2emx', 'riscos'):
# # Don't know what to put here
# USER_BASE = ''
# USER_SITE = ''
if os.name == "nt":
base = os.environ.get("APPDATA") or "~"
if env_base:
USER_BASE = env_base
else:
USER_BASE = joinuser(base, "Python")
USER_SITE = os.path.join(USER_BASE,
"Python" + sys.version[0] + sys.version[2],
"site-packages")
else:
if env_base:
USER_BASE = env_base
else:
USER_BASE = joinuser("~", ".local")
USER_SITE = os.path.join(USER_BASE, "lib",
"python" + sys.version[:3],
"site-packages")
if ENABLE_USER_SITE and os.path.isdir(USER_SITE):
addsitedir(USER_SITE, known_paths)
if ENABLE_USER_SITE:
for dist_libdir in ("lib", "local/lib"):
user_site = os.path.join(USER_BASE, dist_libdir,
"python" + sys.version[:3],
"dist-packages")
if os.path.isdir(user_site):
addsitedir(user_site, known_paths)
return known_paths
def setBEGINLIBPATH():
"""The OS/2 EMX port has optional extension modules that do double duty
as DLLs (and must use the .DLL file extension) for other extensions.
The library search path needs to be amended so these will be found
during module import. Use BEGINLIBPATH so that these are at the start
of the library search path.
"""
dllpath = os.path.join(sys.prefix, "Lib", "lib-dynload")
libpath = os.environ['BEGINLIBPATH'].split(';')
if libpath[-1]:
libpath.append(dllpath)
else:
libpath[-1] = dllpath
os.environ['BEGINLIBPATH'] = ';'.join(libpath)
def setquit():
"""Define new built-ins 'quit' and 'exit'.
These are simply strings that display a hint on how to exit.
"""
if os.sep == ':':
eof = 'Cmd-Q'
elif os.sep == '\\':
eof = 'Ctrl-Z plus Return'
else:
eof = 'Ctrl-D (i.e. EOF)'
class Quitter(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def __repr__(self):
return 'Use %s() or %s to exit' % (self.name, eof)
def __call__(self, code=None):
# Shells like IDLE catch the SystemExit, but listen when their
# stdin wrapper is closed.
try:
sys.stdin.close()
except:
pass
raise SystemExit(code)
builtins.quit = Quitter('quit')
builtins.exit = Quitter('exit')
class _Printer(object):
"""interactive prompt objects for printing the license text, a list of
contributors and the copyright notice."""
MAXLINES = 23
def __init__(self, name, data, files=(), dirs=()):
self.__name = name
self.__data = data
self.__files = files
self.__dirs = dirs
self.__lines = None
def __setup(self):
if self.__lines:
return
data = None
for dir in self.__dirs:
for filename in self.__files:
filename = os.path.join(dir, filename)
try:
fp = open(filename, "rU")
data = fp.read()
fp.close()
break
except IOError:
pass
if data:
break
if not data:
data = self.__data
self.__lines = data.split('\n')
self.__linecnt = len(self.__lines)
def __repr__(self):
self.__setup()
if len(self.__lines) <= self.MAXLINES:
return "\n".join(self.__lines)
else:
return "Type %s() to see the full %s text" % ((self.__name,)*2)
def __call__(self):
self.__setup()
prompt = 'Hit Return for more, or q (and Return) to quit: '
lineno = 0
while 1:
try:
for i in range(lineno, lineno + self.MAXLINES):
print(self.__lines[i])
except IndexError:
break
else:
lineno += self.MAXLINES
key = None
while key is None:
try:
key = raw_input(prompt)
except NameError:
key = input(prompt)
if key not in ('', 'q'):
key = None
if key == 'q':
break
def setcopyright():
"""Set 'copyright' and 'credits' in __builtin__"""
builtins.copyright = _Printer("copyright", sys.copyright)
if _is_jython:
builtins.credits = _Printer(
"credits",
"Jython is maintained by the Jython developers (www.jython.org).")
elif _is_pypy:
builtins.credits = _Printer(
"credits",
"PyPy is maintained by the PyPy developers: http://codespeak.net/pypy")
else:
builtins.credits = _Printer("credits", """\
Thanks to CWI, CNRI, BeOpen.com, Zope Corporation and a cast of thousands
for supporting Python development. See www.python.org for more information.""")
here = os.path.dirname(os.__file__)
builtins.license = _Printer(
"license", "See http://www.python.org/%.3s/license.html" % sys.version,
["LICENSE.txt", "LICENSE"],
[os.path.join(here, os.pardir), here, os.curdir])
class _Helper(object):
"""Define the built-in 'help'.
This is a wrapper around pydoc.help (with a twist).
"""
def __repr__(self):
return "Type help() for interactive help, " \
"or help(object) for help about object."
def __call__(self, *args, **kwds):
import pydoc
return pydoc.help(*args, **kwds)
def sethelper():
builtins.help = _Helper()
def aliasmbcs():
"""On Windows, some default encodings are not provided by Python,
while they are always available as "mbcs" in each locale. Make
them usable by aliasing to "mbcs" in such a case."""
if sys.platform == 'win32':
import locale, codecs
enc = locale.getdefaultlocale()[1]
if enc.startswith('cp'): # "cp***" ?
try:
codecs.lookup(enc)
except LookupError:
import encodings
encodings._cache[enc] = encodings._unknown
encodings.aliases.aliases[enc] = 'mbcs'
def setencoding():
"""Set the string encoding used by the Unicode implementation. The
default is 'ascii', but if you're willing to experiment, you can
change this."""
encoding = "ascii" # Default value set by _PyUnicode_Init()
if 0:
# Enable to support locale aware default string encodings.
import locale
loc = locale.getdefaultlocale()
if loc[1]:
encoding = loc[1]
if 0:
# Enable to switch off string to Unicode coercion and implicit
# Unicode to string conversion.
encoding = "undefined"
if encoding != "ascii":
# On Non-Unicode builds this will raise an AttributeError...
sys.setdefaultencoding(encoding) # Needs Python Unicode build !
def execsitecustomize():
"""Run custom site specific code, if available."""
try:
import sitecustomize
except ImportError:
pass
def virtual_install_main_packages():
f = open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'orig-prefix.txt'))
sys.real_prefix = f.read().strip()
f.close()
pos = 2
hardcoded_relative_dirs = []
if sys.path[0] == '':
pos += 1
if _is_jython:
paths = [os.path.join(sys.real_prefix, 'Lib')]
elif _is_pypy:
if sys.pypy_version_info >= (1, 5):
cpyver = '%d.%d' % sys.version_info[:2]
else:
cpyver = '%d.%d.%d' % sys.version_info[:3]
paths = [os.path.join(sys.real_prefix, 'lib_pypy'),
os.path.join(sys.real_prefix, 'lib-python', 'modified-%s' % cpyver),
os.path.join(sys.real_prefix, 'lib-python', cpyver)]
hardcoded_relative_dirs = paths[:] # for the special 'darwin' case below
#
# This is hardcoded in the Python executable, but relative to sys.prefix:
for path in paths[:]:
plat_path = os.path.join(path, 'plat-%s' % sys.platform)
if os.path.exists(plat_path):
paths.append(plat_path)
elif sys.platform == 'win32':
paths = [os.path.join(sys.real_prefix, 'Lib'), os.path.join(sys.real_prefix, 'DLLs')]
else:
paths = [os.path.join(sys.real_prefix, 'lib', 'python'+sys.version[:3])]
hardcoded_relative_dirs = paths[:] # for the special 'darwin' case below
lib64_path = os.path.join(sys.real_prefix, 'lib64', 'python'+sys.version[:3])
if os.path.exists(lib64_path):
paths.append(lib64_path)
# This is hardcoded in the Python executable, but relative to sys.prefix:
plat_path = os.path.join(sys.real_prefix, 'lib', 'python'+sys.version[:3],
'plat-%s' % sys.platform)
if os.path.exists(plat_path):
paths.append(plat_path)
# This is hardcoded in the Python executable, but
# relative to sys.prefix, so we have to fix up:
for path in list(paths):
tk_dir = os.path.join(path, 'lib-tk')
if os.path.exists(tk_dir):
paths.append(tk_dir)
# These are hardcoded in the Apple's Python executable,
# but relative to sys.prefix, so we have to fix them up:
if sys.platform == 'darwin':
hardcoded_paths = [os.path.join(relative_dir, module)
for relative_dir in hardcoded_relative_dirs
for module in ('plat-darwin', 'plat-mac', 'plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages')]
for path in hardcoded_paths:
if os.path.exists(path):
paths.append(path)
sys.path.extend(paths)
def force_global_eggs_after_local_site_packages():
"""
Force easy_installed eggs in the global environment to get placed
in sys.path after all packages inside the virtualenv. This
maintains the "least surprise" result that packages in the
virtualenv always mask global packages, never the other way
around.
"""
egginsert = getattr(sys, '__egginsert', 0)
for i, path in enumerate(sys.path):
if i > egginsert and path.startswith(sys.prefix):
egginsert = i
sys.__egginsert = egginsert + 1
def virtual_addsitepackages(known_paths):
force_global_eggs_after_local_site_packages()
return addsitepackages(known_paths, sys_prefix=sys.real_prefix)
def fixclasspath():
"""Adjust the special classpath sys.path entries for Jython. These
entries should follow the base virtualenv lib directories.
"""
paths = []
classpaths = []
for path in sys.path:
if path == '__classpath__' or path.startswith('__pyclasspath__'):
classpaths.append(path)
else:
paths.append(path)
sys.path = paths
sys.path.extend(classpaths)
def execusercustomize():
"""Run custom user specific code, if available."""
try:
import usercustomize
except ImportError:
pass
def main():
global ENABLE_USER_SITE
virtual_install_main_packages()
abs__file__()
paths_in_sys = removeduppaths()
if (os.name == "posix" and sys.path and
os.path.basename(sys.path[-1]) == "Modules"):
addbuilddir()
if _is_jython:
fixclasspath()
GLOBAL_SITE_PACKAGES = not os.path.exists(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'no-global-site-packages.txt'))
if not GLOBAL_SITE_PACKAGES:
ENABLE_USER_SITE = False
if ENABLE_USER_SITE is None:
ENABLE_USER_SITE = check_enableusersite()
paths_in_sys = addsitepackages(paths_in_sys)
paths_in_sys = addusersitepackages(paths_in_sys)
if GLOBAL_SITE_PACKAGES:
paths_in_sys = virtual_addsitepackages(paths_in_sys)
if sys.platform == 'os2emx':
setBEGINLIBPATH()
setquit()
setcopyright()
sethelper()
aliasmbcs()
setencoding()
execsitecustomize()
if ENABLE_USER_SITE:
execusercustomize()
# Remove sys.setdefaultencoding() so that users cannot change the
# encoding after initialization. The test for presence is needed when
# this module is run as a script, because this code is executed twice.
if hasattr(sys, "setdefaultencoding"):
del sys.setdefaultencoding
main()
def _script():
help = """\
%s [--user-base] [--user-site]
Without arguments print some useful information
With arguments print the value of USER_BASE and/or USER_SITE separated
by '%s'.
Exit codes with --user-base or --user-site:
0 - user site directory is enabled
1 - user site directory is disabled by user
2 - uses site directory is disabled by super user
or for security reasons
>2 - unknown error
"""
args = sys.argv[1:]
if not args:
print("sys.path = [")
for dir in sys.path:
print(" %r," % (dir,))
print("]")
def exists(path):
if os.path.isdir(path):
return "exists"
else:
return "doesn't exist"
print("USER_BASE: %r (%s)" % (USER_BASE, exists(USER_BASE)))
print("USER_SITE: %r (%s)" % (USER_SITE, exists(USER_BASE)))
print("ENABLE_USER_SITE: %r" % ENABLE_USER_SITE)
sys.exit(0)
buffer = []
if '--user-base' in args:
buffer.append(USER_BASE)
if '--user-site' in args:
buffer.append(USER_SITE)
if buffer:
print(os.pathsep.join(buffer))
if ENABLE_USER_SITE:
sys.exit(0)
elif ENABLE_USER_SITE is False:
sys.exit(1)
elif ENABLE_USER_SITE is None:
sys.exit(2)
else:
sys.exit(3)
else:
import textwrap
print(textwrap.dedent(help % (sys.argv[0], os.pathsep)))
sys.exit(10)
if __name__ == '__main__':
_script()
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